Matthew 19:3
Some Pharisees came to Jesus, testing Him and asking, “Is it lawful for a man to divorce his wife for any reason at all?”
(en) Pharisees; se indgang for Matt. 3:7.
(b) Any reason. In the patriarchal culture of ancient Israel, there was a law that said a man could divorce his wife if she no longer found favor in his eyes (Deu. 24:1). But what makes a wife indecent or unclean to her husband? Schools of Jewish thought were divided on this issue. The Beit or House of Shammai said uncleanness meant unfaithfulness. It was only lawful to divorce your wife if she had committed adultery. However, Beit Hillel said you could divorce your wife if she did anything displeasing, such as putting too much salt on your dinner (Mishnah Gittin 9:10). This issue divided the Pharisees, which is why they asked Jesus for his opinion.
Matthew 19:4
And He answered and said, “Have you not read that He who created them from the beginning MADE THEM MALE AND FEMALE,
Jesus initially sidestepped the debate by saying we shouldn’t be getting divorced at all. But when pressed to interpret Moses’ Law, he came down squarely on the side of Shammai (see Matt. 19:9).
Matthæus 19:5
og sagde: 'AF DEN GRUND SKAL EN MAND FORLADE SIN FAR OG MOR OG BLI FORENET MED SIN KONE, OG DE TO SKAL BLIVE TIL EET KØD'?
Et kød. When a man and a woman come together in marriage, they create something new – a marital union (Gen. 2:24). The joining together of a man and a woman into one flesh or body has both a physical aspect (see 1 Cor. 6:16), and a spiritual aspect (1 Cor. 6:17).
Matthæus 19:6
"Så de er ikke længere to, men ét kød. Hvad derfor Gud har sammenføjet, må intet menneske skille."
(en) De er ikke længere to, men én. Den ægteskabelige forening symboliserer den enhed, de troende har med Herren (se indgang for Eph. 5:32).
(b) Gud. Det meste af tiden, da Jesus talte om Gud, kaldte han ham Fader (se indgang for Luke 2:49). But when speaking to the religious leaders and those under law, he typically called him God (theos).
Matthew 19:7
They said to Him, “Why then did Moses command to GIVE HER A CERTIFICATE OF DIVORCE AND SEND her AWAY?”
Certificate of Divorce. I henhold til Moseloven skulle en mand, der ønskede at skilles fra sin kone, gøre to ting: (1) skrive en få or certificate of divorce and (2) send her away. This created problems when men did the latter without doing the former (see indgang for Mark 10:11).
Matthew 19:8
He said to them, “Because of your hardness of heart Moses permitted you to divorce your wives; but from the beginning it has not been this way.
Moses. God created marriage (Matt. 19:4–5); man invented divorce.
Matthew 19:9
“And I say to you, whoever divorces his wife, except for immorality, and marries another woman commits adultery.”
Jesus was not been asked if divorce was sinful, because divorce was permitted in the law of Moses (Matt. 19:7). Under the law, a man could divorce his wife if he found her to be unclean or displeasing (Deut. 24:1). What made a woman unclean and for what reason could a divorce be justified? There were two schools of thought. One side (the School of Hillel) said divorce was acceptable for any reason, while the other (the School of Shammai) said it was only acceptable in circumstances of infidelity (see indgang for Matt 19:3). When pressed to take a side, Jesus came down on the side of Shammai. “Whoever sends away his wife, except for immorality, and marries another woman commits adultery.” In other words, you can’t divorce your wife over a burnt or salty meal, but if she has taken another partner, your marriage may be over.
Yderligere læsning: "Why does Jesus hate divorce?”
Matthæus 19:16
Og nogen kom til ham og sagde: "Mester, hvad godt skal jeg gøre for at få evigt liv?"
(en) Someone. From Luke’s account we know this man was a wealthy Jewish official (Luke 18:18).
(b) Hvad godt skal jeg gøre. So many people are looking for a good thing to do, when the gospel declares a Good Thing has come and done a good thing for you. Jesus is the Good Thing who came from heaven (Heb. 10:1). Jesus is the Good Thing who satisfies the hungry (Luke 1:53).
Note that a similar question was put to Jesus by lawyer (Luke 10:25).
(c) Få evigt liv? I de andre evangeliske beretninger er dette spørgsmål formuleret anderledes: Hvad skal jeg gøre ved arve eternal life (Mark 10:17, Luke 10:25, 18:18)? There is nothing you can do to inherit eternal life – it’s an inheritance. You only get it when someone dies, and Someone did.
Like the person in this story, some people are confused about salvation. They think that if they are basically good people, God will have to admit them into his kingdom. Such people are truly lost for they are relying on their self-righteousness. Salvation comes to us by grace, like an inheritance or gift. You cannot earn it. You can only receive it by faith (Eph. 2:8).
(d) Evigt liv lever for evigt i forening med Jesus; se indgang for John 3:15.
Matthæus 19:17
Og han sagde til ham: "Hvorfor spørger du mig om, hvad der er godt? Der er kun Én, der er god; men hvis du ønsker at komme ind i livet, så hold budene."
(en) Hvorfor spørger du Mig om, hvad der er godt? Jesus knew the ruler was self-righteous and considered himself a good man. Jesus cut straight to the heart of the man’s sin by immediately challenging his standard of goodness (Rom. 3:12).
(b) Der er kun Én, der er god. Gud alene er definitionen af godhed og retfærdighed.
Self-righteousness is judging yourself by your own standard of righteousness. When you decide what is good and right, perhaps on the basis of your own moral judgment or the law, you are eating from the wrong tree and usurping God’s role as the Righteous Judge. True righteousness comes from trusting in Jesus, the Righteous One (2 Cor. 5:21).
(c) Keep. The original verb tēreō means “watch, guard, or keep your eye on.”
Matthæus 19:19
ÆR DIN FAR OG MOR; og DU SKAL ELSKE DIN NÆSTE SOM DIG SELV.”
(en) Honor. Some believe they must hate their parents because of what Jesus said in Luke 14:26. But Jesus doesn’t want us to hate anyone (Matt 5:43–44), and our parents are worthy of honor.
(b) Elsk din næste. This law, which comes from the law of Moses (Lev. 19:18), was quoted by Jesus more than once (Matt. 19:19, 22:39, Mark 12:31, Luke 10:27). James called it the royal law (see indgang for Jas. 2:8).
Yderligere læsning: "Is ‘love your neighbor’ part of the new covenant?“
(c) Som dig selv. "At elske andre som dig selv" kan sammenlignes med "Elsk andre, som jeg har elsket dig" (se indgang for John 13:34).
Under the old covenant, you provided the love and whatever else was needed to fulfil the law. But in the new covenant, we are able to love others because of the love we have from God (1 John 4:19). Under the old, you were the supply, but in the new, God supplies all our needs according to his glorious riches in Christ Jesus (Php. 4:19).
Matthæus 19:21
Jesus sagde til ham: "Hvis du vil være fuldkommen, så gå hen og sælg dine ejendele og giv til de fattige, og du vil have en skat i himlen; og kom og følg mig."
(en) Giv til de fattige. Stop med at investere i verdslig rigdom, der forsvinder, og gem himmelske skatte.
The Jews understood that giving to the poor was a pathway to blessing and a way to store up heavenly treasure (Deu. 15:10). “One who is gracious to a poor man lends to the Lord, and he will repay him for his good deed” (Pro. 19:17).
(b) Skat i himlen henviser til mennesker.
Mennesker er den skat, som møl og rust ikke kan røre ved, og tyve ikke kan stjæle. Når Bibelen taler om åndeligt afkom eller evige venner, henviser det til den eneste skat, du kan tage med dig. Hvorfor opgav Jesus alt, hvad han havde? For at vinde dig. Du er hans skat.
Se indgang for den himmelske skat.
Matthew 19:23
And Jesus said to His disciples, “Truly I say to you, it is hard for a rich man to enter the kingdom of heaven.
(en) It is hard. Jesus doesn’t make it hard for people to enter the kingdom; trusting in riches makes it hard (1 Tim. 6:9, 17). Jesus is lamenting the allure of worldly wealth. One can either serve God or mammon (Matt. 6:24). To run after wealth or let it rule you is the root of all kinds of evil (1 Tim. 6:10).
(b) To enter the kingdom of heaven is to enter new life. See indgang for Matt. 19:17.
(c) The kingdom of heaven; se indgang for Matt. 3:2.
Matthew 19:24
“Again I say to you, it is easier for a camel to go through the eye of a needle, than for a rich man to enter the kingdom of God.”
(en) A camel. Scholars debate whether the original word meant camel or rope. Either way, Jesus is describing something that is essentially impossible (see Matt. 19:26). It is difficult for those who have been ensnared by the love of money to enter the kingdom.
(b) Guds rige is synonymous with the kingdom of heaven (see previous verse).
Matthew 19:25
When the disciples heard this, they were very astonished and said, “Then who can be saved?”
(en) Astonished. The disciples were amazed and bewildered to hear this. Under the law-keeping covenant, those who were rich were thought to be blessed by God (see Deut. 28:1–8). To hear that the rich were disadvantaged and poor were blessed when it came to the kingdom was a great turnaround (Luke 6:20, 24).
(b) Who can be saved? “If rich people, who are blessed by God, can’t be saved, what chance do the rest of us have?”
Matthew 19:26
And looking at them Jesus said to them, “With people this is impossible, but with God all things are possible.”
(en) Impossible. Under the old covenant, wealth was seen as a sign of God’s favor. It was a blessing given to those who obeyed the law. But all the wealth in the world would not get you into the kingdom, said Jesus. You could keep all the laws perfectly and you would still not get in. Which is bad news for those who were relying on the law.
(b) Possible. What the law fails to do, grace accomplishes. Grace qualifies poor and rich alike, which is why the New Testament church had rich people like Zacchaeus the tax collector, Joseph of Arimathea, and Barnabas the apostle.
Matthæus 19:27
Da sagde Peter til ham: "Se, vi har forladt alt og fulgt dig; hvad bliver der så for os?”
Hvad vil der så være for os? Jesus irettesætter ikke Peter for at stille et sådant spørgsmål, men han skitserer de utrolige belønninger af det kristne liv.
Matthæus 19:28
Og Jesus sagde til dem: "Sandelig siger jeg jer, at I, som har fulgt mig, skal i genfødelse, når Menneskesønnen skal sidde på sin herlige trone, også sidde på tolv troner og dømme Israels tolv stammer.
Sandelig siger jeg dig. Jesus er ved at komme med en forbløffende påstand om belønningen af det kristne liv (se næste vers).
Matthæus 19:29
"Og enhver, som har forladt huse eller brødre eller søstre eller far eller mor eller børn eller gårde for mit navns skyld, skal få mange gange så meget og arve evigt liv.
(en) Alle der er rejst. Det koster at følge Jesus. Du bliver nødt til at forlade din gamle livsstil, og det kan betyde, at du mister venskaber. Du kan endda blive afvist af din familie. Men der er et pænt afkast til denne investering.
(b) For mit navns skyld means on account of faith in Jesus. Mark and Luke in their respective renderings of this verse add for the gospel’s sake and for the sake of the kingdom of God (Mark 10:29, Luke 18:29). There is no difference. We turn our back on the world for the sake of the gospel of King Jesus. Jesus is the reason; the rewards are incidental.
(c) Gårde eller marker imply businesses. Matthew ran a tax collection agency for the Romans but gave it up to follow Jesus. Peter and Andrew gave up a fishing business. Barnabas sold a field (Acts 4:37). Sometimes following Jesus incurs a substantial financial cost. But God takes care of us. He gives us new fields for old (John 4:35). The business of the kingdom is far more rewarding than any worldly enterprise business. It is the only business that offers eternal rewards.
(d) Vil modtage mange gange så meget, og faktisk hundrede gange så meget. Se indgang for Mark 10:30.
(e) Arv evigt liv. Det evige liv er en arv at modtage og ikke en løn der skal tjenes, og i Kristus har vi den.
In Christ we are heirs of salvation (Heb. 1:14), heirs of eternal life (Matt. 19:29, Mark 10:17, Eph. 1:14, Tit. 3:7), and heirs of blessed and gracious life (Eph. 1:3, 1 Pet. 3:7, 9). See indgang for Arv.
(f) Evigt liv lever for evigt i forening med Jesus; se indgang for John 3:15.
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