Mga Tipan

Mga Tipan

Ang tipan ay isang may-bisang kasunduan sa pagitan ng mga tao o grupo na may kinalaman sa paggawa ng mga pangako at kung minsan ay sinasamahan ng mga seremonya at ritwal. Hindi tulad ng isang kontrata, na transactional, ang isang tipan ay relational. Ang isang kontrata ay isang pagpapalitan ng mga ari-arian (ito ay sa iyo na ngayon), habang ang isang tipan ay higit na isang pagpapalitan ng mga tao (ako na ngayon sa iyo).

Ang isang halimbawa ay isang tipan ng kasal kung saan ang dalawang tao ay nagbubuklod sa kanilang mga sarili sa isang pormal na kasunduan (mga panata) na karaniwang minarkahan ng isang seremonya at iba't ibang mga ritwal (hal., ang pagpapalitan ng mga singsing). Gaya ng nakikita mo, ang isang tipan ay higit pa sa isang kontrata lamang.

Mga Tipan sa Bibliya

In the Bible, there were covenants between people (e.g., David and Jonathan, see 1 Sam. 18:3), tribes (Jos. 9:1–15), and kings (1 Kgs. 5:12, 20:34). Depending on how you define a covenant, there were at least five covenants made between God and man:

  1. Sa ilalim ng Tipan ni Noah God promised Noah and all humanity that he would never again destroy every living thing in a flood (Gen. 8:21, 9:11). God’s promise is unconditional and accompanied by the sign of the rainbow (Gen. 9:12–17).
  2. Sa ilalim ng Tipan ni Abraham God promised to bless Abram and his descendants and make them into a great nation with their own Promised Land, the land of Canaan (Gen. 12:1–2, 15:7, 17:2, 8, Ex. 6:4). God told Abram that he would be exceedingly fruitful and become “the father of a multitude of nations” (Gen. 17:5). God also promised that through this new nation he would bless the whole world (Gen. 12:3, 22:17–18), a promise which was fulfilled through the Messiah. This covenant is accompanied by the sign of male circumcision (Gen. 17:10–14).
  3. Ang Mosaic na Tipan, na kilala rin bilang ang Lumang Tipan, was formed with the nation of Israel at Mt. Sinai. Unlike the earlier covenants, it was a conditional covenant where God promised to bless Israel if they kept his commands and curse them if they didn’t (Ex. 19:5–8, Deut. 28–29). The centerpiece of this covenant was the Ten Commandments (Ex. 34:10–28, Deut. 4:13).
  4. Ang Tipan ni David is a promise God made to David to make his name great and establish the throne of his kingdom forever (2 Sam. 7:9–16, Ps. 89:3–4). The promise was fulfilled through the Son of David, that is Jesus Christ (Matt. 1:1, Mark 12:35).
  5. Ang mga propeta noong unang panahon ay nagsalita ng a Bagong Tipan that God would make that would be unlike the old covenant he had made with their ancestors (Jer. 31:31–34). It would be a covenant where God would forgive and remember their sins no more and give his people a new heart and a new spirit (Eze. 36:22–27). On the night he was betrayed, Jesus said this new covenant would be established in his blood (Luke 22:20). He was literally declaring his last will and testament, a new covenant that would come into effect nang siya ay namatay (Hebrews 9:16-17). Born into the line of Noah, Abraham, and David, Jesus is the culmination of the old covenant (Matt. 5:17) and the embodiment of the new.

Ang luma laban sa bagong tipan

Ang pag-unawa sa pagkakaiba ng luma at bagong mga tipan ay mahalaga kung nais nating hatiin nang wasto ang mga banal na kasulatan. Ang mga tipan na ito ay hindi maaaring paghaluin, ngunit ang isang taong nagtitiwala sa biyaya para sa kaligtasan ngunit tumitingin sa batas para sa patnubay kung paano mamuhay, ay nasa pagitan ng dalawang tipan. Aanihin nila ang mga benepisyo ng alinman. Ang mahalagang pagkakaiba sa pagitan ng dalawang tipan ay ito:

    • Lumang tipan: Ang tao ay gumagawa ng mga pangako sa Diyos at sinisira ang mga ito

    • Bagong tipan: Nangako ang Diyos sa kanyang sarili at tinutupad ang mga ito magpakailanman

Sa paanan ng Bundok Sinai ang mga Israelita ay nagyabang:

We will do everything the Lord commands. (Exodus 19:8)

Ito ay isang nakamamatay na pagyayabang, isang recipe para sa kalamidad. Ang hinihingi ng Panginoon ay hindi mo maibibigay. Ito ang hindi mapag-aalinlanganang aral ng kasaysayan, ngunit marami ang hindi natuto nito. Natigil sila sa masamang ikot ng paggawa at pagsira sa mga pangako, pagsisisi, pagkatapos ay nangangakong gagawa sila ng mas mahusay sa susunod na pagkakataon. Kailangan natin ng paghahayag ng bagong tipan na nakabatay sa di-nasisirang mga pangako ng Diyos sa atin.

gagawin ko gumawa ng isang walang hanggang tipan sa kanila: gagawin ko huwag tumigil sa paggawa ng mabuti sa kanila, at gagawin ko inspire them to fear me, so that they will never turn away from me. (Jer. 32:40)

Ang pagkakaiba sa pagitan ng luma at bago ay gagawin natin laban sa gagawin niya. Sa dati, paulit-ulit nating sinira ang ating salita, ngunit sa bago ay tinutupad niya ang kanyang salita magpakailanman. Ito ay isang malaking pagkakaiba. Hindi na tayo nanginginig sa maalog na lupa ng ating pasiya, ngunit nakatayong ligtas sa Bato ng mga Panahon. Iwanan natin ang walang kabuluhang kaugalian ng pagsasabi ng “I will” at ilagay ang ating pananampalataya sa “I will” ng Diyos:

  • I will make an everlasting covenant with them (Jer. 32:40)
  • I will never stop doing good to you (Jer. 32:40)
  • I will bless you (Gen. 22:17)
  • I will be your God, and you will be my people (Jer. 31:33, Ez. 36:28, Heb. 8:10)
  • I will have compassion on you (Is. 54:8)
  • I will forgive your wickedness (Jer. 31:34, Heb. 8:12)
  • I will remember your sins no more (Jer. 31:34, Heb. 8:12)
  • I will sprinkle clean water on you, and you will be clean (Ez. 36:25)
  • I will cleanse you from all your impurities and from all your idols (Ez. 36:25)
  • I will give you a new heart (Ez. 36:26)
  • I will put my Spirit in you (Ez. 36:25)
  • I will save you (Ez. 36:29)
  • I will not forget you (Is. 49:15)
  • I will strengthen you (Is. 41:10)
  • I will help you (Is. 41:10)
  • I will uphold you with my righteous right hand (Is. 41:10)
  • I will be with you when you pass through the waters and flame (Is. 43:2)
  • I will instruct you and teach you in the way which you should go (Ps. 32:8)
  • I will counsel you with my eye upon you (Ps. 32:8)
  • I will multiply the fruit of the tree and the produce of the field (Ez. 36:30)
  • I will rescue you from every attack and will bring you safely to my heavenly kingdom (2 Tim. 4:18)
  • I will never cast you out (John 6:37)
  • I will never leave you or forsake you (Heb. 13:5)
  • I will never blot out your name from the book of life (Rev. 3:5)
  • I will raise you up on the last day (John 6:39-40)

What the Lord requires, he provides. Everything you need – salvation, holiness, righteousness – he freely supplies according to the riches of his grace in Christ Jesus. There are no ifs in God’s promises to us, no conditions for you to fulfill. All he asks is that you take him at his word. All he requires is that you believe in his eternal goodness as revealed in Jesus.

Reading scripture through a new covenant lens

Jesus’ death on the cross was the single most important event in human history. Before the cross the old law covenant reigned. But after the cross a new covenant based on grace made the old covenant obsolete (Heb. 8:13). Under the old covenant you were blessed if you were good, but under the new covenant we are blessed because He is good.

When reading any scripture in the Bible we need to ask, what does this passage mean in light of the cross? Consider these contrasts from scripture:

  • Before the cross we were blessed when we obeyed and cursed when we disobeyed (Deut. 11:26-28). But after the cross we are blessed because we are forgiven (Rom. 4:8) and we are redeemed from the curse of the law (Gal. 3:13).
  • Before the cross we forgave in order to earn God’s forgiveness (Matt. 6:14). But at the cross we were unconditionally forgiven and we now forgive because Christ has forgiven us (Eph. 4:32; Col. 3:13).
  • Before the cross loving your neighbor meant not coveting his wife or property (Deut. 5:21). But after the cross we love and accept others because Christ loves and accepts us (1 John 4:19; Rom. 15:7).
  • Before the cross God was distant and unapproachable (Ex. 19:12). But because of the cross we have been brought near to God to receive mercy and find grace (Eph. 2:13; Heb. 4:16).

Sa lahat ng paraan, ang bagong tipan ay nakahihigit sa luma:

  • Ang lumang tipan ay nabigo dahil ito ay nakasalalay sa iyong di-sakdal na pagsunod, ngunit ang bagong tipan ay nananatili dahil ito ay nakasalig sa perpektong pagsunod ni Kristo hanggang sa kamatayan.
  • Sinasabi ng lumang tipan na ikaw ay pagpapalain kung gagawa ka ng mabuti, ngunit ang bago ay nagpapahayag na tayo ay pinagpala dahil ang Diyos ay mabuti.
  • Ang lumang tipan ay nagbabala na ikaw ay parurusahan kung ikaw ay gagawa ng masama, ngunit ang bago ay nagpapahayag na kay Kristo ikaw ay walang hanggan na hindi mapaparusahan.

Kaya naman tinawag nila itong magandang balita.

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1 comment

  1. Obrigado irmão Paul por compartilhar a água da vida! Que Deus continue abençoando plenamente, você e sua familia!

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