The Grace Commentary – Your free verse-by-verse Bible commentary Philippians 2

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Philippians 2:1

Therefore if there is any encouragement in Christ, if there is any consolation of love, if there is any fellowship of the Spirit, if any affection and compassion,

(sebuah) Encouragement… consolation… fellowship. In the body of Christ we enjoy encouragement, comfort, fellowship, affection, and compassion.

Paul is building on the theme of unity. “Stand firm in one spirit, with one mind” (Php. 1:27). He is saying, “If you understand the benefits of the new life you have in Christ, be like-minded and united in your love for one another” (see next verse).

(b) Fellowship. Kata benda aslinya (koinōnia) is translated as “participation” in Philippians 1:5. One with the Lord, we are participants or partakers of his divine life (2 Pet. 1:4).

(c) Fellowship of the Spirit. All believers share a spiritual union with Christ and each other. This union makes us part of God’s multicultural family. Our union or fellowship with the Lord is inviolate, but our union with each other is something we need to diligently preserve (Eph. 4:3). Later in this letter, Paul will address an issue that was threatening the unity of the Philippian church (see Php. 4:2).

Lihat masuk for Union.

(d) The Spirit of Jesus Christ; see masuk for Php. 1:19.

Philippians 2:2

make my joy complete by being of the same mind, maintaining the same love, united in spirit, intent on one purpose.

(sebuah) Joy complete. Nothing made Paul happier than seeing Christians maturing and walking in the fullness of Christ.

(b) Same mind. Agree with one other (Rom. 12:16, 15:5, 1 Cor. 1:10).

On this side of eternity, disagreements are inevitable. Nobody has a full understanding of God or the scriptures. Our knowledge is partial and incomplete (1 Cor. 13:9). But while we may disagree about some things, we need to agree that the love of God is greater than whatever divides us. We are the family of God, and families love one another and bear one another’s burdens (Gal. 6:2). We are to be devoted to one another in brotherly love in spite of our differences (Rom. 12:10).

(c) Maintaining the same love. Churches are not held together by vision statements or a sense of mission, but by the love of the Father. It is the patient, kind, and long-suffering love of God in our hearts that enables us to be kind and tender-hearted toward one another.

(d) United in spirit. Be like-minded on the things that matter.

(e) Intent on one purpose. Our common purpose is to revel in our Father’s love and reveal his heart to an orphaned world (see John 13:34–35).

Philippians 2:3

Do nothing from selfishness or empty conceit, but with humility of mind regard one another as more important than yourselves;

(sebuah) Selfishness presents the greatest threat to our individual and corporate well-being. Selfishness is putting your own interests first (see next verse).

(b) Empty conceit. Kata benda aslinya (kenodoxia) is made up of two words that mean “empty” (kenos) and “glory” (doxa). It’s glory without substance. It’s vainglory. It’s pushing yourself to the front and making yourself great at the expense of others.

(c) Humility of mind. The antidote to selfishness is to put others first and think highly of them. This is hard to do when you have been raised in a me-first world, but Jesus shows us the way (verses 5–8). As we rest in Christ, his love for others flows out of our hearts. His indwelling Spirit helps us to see people as he sees them—as precious and worth dying for.

(d) More important. Kata kerja aslinya (huperecho) means “to hold above” and is translated elsewhere as “surpasses” and “surpassing” (Php. 3:8, 4:7). Unity that lasts is the kind where each person gives preference to the other (Rom. 12:10).

Philippians 2:4

do not merely look out for your own personal interests, but also for the interests of others.

We look out for the interests of others by listening to their concerns, seeing things from their perspective, and bearing their burdens (Gal. 6:2). While selfishness says “I must succeed,” humility says “I will help you succeed.” The partnership that believers share—the fellowship of the Spirit—is both spiritual (verses 1–2) and practical (verses 3–4).

Philippians 2:5

Have this attitude in yourselves which was also in Christ Jesus,

(sebuah) Attitude. Kata kerja aslinya (phroneō) means “have this mindset” or “set your mind.” Since you have the mind of Christ (1 Cor. 2:16), learn to think like Christ. Don’t be conformed to the grasping, grabbing pattern of this world, but be renewed in your mind (Rom. 12:2). Don’t be selfish but look out for the interests of others (see previous verse).

(b) Christ Jesus. Paul invites us to consider the example of Christ who “humbled himself” (Php. 2:8).

In the following six verses, Paul presents one of the most glorious portrayals of Christ’s character and mission. These verses are Paul’s masterpiece—the Sistine Chapel of his writing, and the Mt. Everest of his revelation. Here, Paul reveals the mystery of godliness, namely that God appeared in the flesh, was vindicated by the Spirit, and is now proclaimed to the nations (1 Tim. 3:16).

Philippians 2:6

who, although he existed in the form of God, did not regard equality with God a thing to be grasped,

(sebuah) He existed. Jesus existed before creation and was the agent of creation (Col 1:16).

(b) Form of God. Jesus was with God and was God (John 1:1). To exist “in the form of God” is to possess all the attributes of God.

(c) Equality with God. Christ Jesus did not see equality with God as something to be grasped because he was equal with God.

(d) Grasped. Those who grasp and aspire to be powerful have nothing in common with the God who humbled and emptied himself.

Philippians 2:7

but emptied Himself, taking the form of a bond-servant, and being made in the likeness of men.

(sebuah) He emptied himself. Christ Jesus laid aside his power and privileges and took on the form of a lowly human. To say he emptied himself is to say he removed his godlike cloak of glory and put on the frail cloak of humanity. During his time on earth, Jesus was fully God and fully man.

(b) Bond-servant. He who was above all, put himself beneath all by becoming the servant of all.

(d) Likeness of men. Jesus was made just like us so that we could be made just like him.

Philippians 2:8

Being found in appearance as a man, he humbled himself by becoming obedient to the point of death, even death on a cross.

(sebuah) Appearance as a man. Jesus is God in human form (Col 1:15). “For in him the whole fullness of deity dwells bodily” (Col. 2:9).

(b) He humbled himself out of love for us. He came down so that we might go up.

(c) Obedient. Jesus lived in total dependence on God. Not even when his life was on the line did Jesus stop trusting his Father. “Not my will, but yours be done” (Luke 22:42).

(d) Even death on a cross. Jesus’ trust in his Father was so great that he endured the indignity of dying as a criminal on a Roman cross. The cross reveals the staggering humility of Christ towards God (he trusted his Father) and towards us (he died believing we were worth dying for).

Philippians 2:9

For this reason also, God highly exalted Him, and bestowed on Him the name which is above every name,

(sebuah) For this reason. Paul is drawing a conclusion based on what he has just said. “For this reason” was one of Paul’s favorite sayings.

(b) God highly exalted him. Christ Jesus was honored for giving us the fullest, most perfect expression of God’s true character.

God does not share his glory with others (Isa. 48:11). So by honoring the Son, the Father affirms their oneness. He essentially says, “I and the Son are one” (see Heb. 1:3, cf. John 10:30). This is why the risen Lord could say, “All authority has been given to me in heaven and on earth” (Matt. 28:18). The Servant had become the King and Lord of all. The One who humbled himself, now sits at God’s right hand (Eph. 1:20).

(c) Bestowed. Kata aslinya (charizomai) means to show favor or kindness. It’s closely related to the word that means “grace” (charis). The same word is translated “granted” in Philippians 1:29. God gifted Jesus with a name above all names.

(d) The name which is above every name. The name that is above all names is Yahweh or Jehovah, which in English is translated as “Lord” (see next verse). Before the cross, Jesus was the Christ or anointed one. But after the cross, Jesus is the Lord or kyrios or “the One who is supreme above all.”

At the birth of Jesus, the angels called out his true identity by recognizing him as “Christ the Lord” (Luke 2:11). On occasion, Jesus also referred to himself as Lord (e.g., Matt. 22:44, John 13:13). But it was not until after the resurrection that Christians began proclaiming Christ as Lord. “Let all the house of Israel know for certain that God has made him both Lord and Christ—this Jesus whom you crucified” (e.g., Acts 2:36). In Acts and the New Testament epistles, Jesus Christ is referred to as “Lord” more than 300 times.

Philippians 2:10-11

so that at the name of Jesus EVERY KNEE WILL BOW, of those who are in heaven and on earth and under the earth, and that every tongue will confess that Jesus Christ is Lord, to the glory of God the Father.

(sebuah) At the name of Jesus. At the conclusion of God’s redemptive work, Jesus Christ will be revealed to all as Lord and all will bow to him in reverence.

(b) Heaven … earth … under the earth. All creation, including angels, humans, and demons, will bow to the Lord of lords.

(c) Every tongue will confess. This wonderful prophecy, which comes from Isaiah 45:23, and which Paul repeats in Romans 14:11, tells us that all will come to acknowledge that Jesus Christ is Lord. Even Christ’s enemies will yield. However, this does not mean all will be saved. Only those who call to the Lord for salvation are saved (Rom. 10:13).

Bacaan lebih lanjut: "Was Paul a universalist?”

(d) Jesus Christ is Lord. Some people call Jesus a prophet or teacher, but one day his true identity—Lord of all—will be declared by all.

(e) Yang mulia. Many men have been called “lord” (kyrios), but Jesus is the Lord of lords and King of kings (1 Tim. 6:15, Rev. 19:16). He is supreme above all rule, authority, power, and dominion (Eph. 1:21).

(f) To the glory of God the Father. When we honor the Son, we honor the Father who sent him (John 5:23).

(g) Kejayaan; Lihat masuk for Php. 1:11.

(h) God the Father; Lihat masuk for Php. 1:2.

Philippians 2:12

So then, my beloved, just as you have always obeyed, not as in my presence only, but now much more in my absence, work out your salvation with fear and trembling;

(sebuah) Beloved; Lihat masuk for Php. 4:1.

(b) Obeyed. In the New Testament, several words are translated as obey, obeyed or obedience. There is the obedience (peitharcheo) we give to God and those in authority (Acts 5:29, Tit. 3:1). There is the obedience (peito) that means to be persuaded by the truth (Rom. 2:8, Gal. 5:7). And then there is the word used here (hupakouo), which means listen and attend to. Paul is saying, “Just as you listened to me when I was with you, listen to me now.”

(c) Work out your salvation. Working out your salvation means “work out in your lives the reality of your salvation.” It does not mean “work for salvation,” because salvation is a gift from God (Eph. 2:8). But what God has worked in, we need to work out. We do that by allowing the Holy Spirit to work in us and through us. We appropriate by faith the good things that are ours in Christ. We can be sure that this is the correct interpretation because of what Paul says in the next verse: “God is at work in you.”

(d) Penyelamatan. Kata benda aslinya (sōtēria) means deliverance or rescue. Jesus is the Deliverer who rescues us from our enemies, saves us from our sins, and delivers us from the evils of this present age (Matt. 1:21, Luke 1:71, Gal. 1:4). Manmade religion says we can save ourselves, but salvation is entirely of God (Php. 1:28, Rev. 19:1). It is only on account of his grace that we can be saved (Acts 15:11, Eph. 2:5, Tit. 3:5).

Salvation is more than the forgiveness of sins (Luke 1:77). The verb which is commonly translated as “save” (sozo) means to save from sins (e.g., Matt. 1:21), save from death (e.g., Matt. 8:25), and to save that which is lost (e.g., Matt. 18:11). Salvation includes healing, deliverance, and wholeness.

(e) With fear and trembling. Working out our salvation is not always easy. Fear and trembling may be present because our flesh is insecure and fearful. When Paul went to Corinth, he went “in fear and much trembling” (1 Cor. 2:3). He was afraid that he was going to be beaten and possibly killed. We know this because the Lord said to him. “Do not be afraid any longer, but go on speaking and do not be silent, for I am with you, and no man will attack you in order to harm you” (Acts 18:9–10). Paul stayed in Corinth for 18 months teaching the word of God (Acts 18:11).

Paul was fearful and you may be fearful, but by the grace of God you can still do great things (Php. 4:13). It’s not wrong to be fearful or anxious or depressed. But in the presence of these feelings, work out your salvation anyway. Bring your fears and anxieties to the Lord and receive his peace (Php. 4:6–7). Then when you have been strengthened, live large and let your light shine.

Bacaan lebih lanjut: "What does it mean to work out your salvation with fear and trembling?”

Philippians 2:13

for it is God who is at work in you, both to will and to work for his good pleasure.

(sebuah) It is God who works, not you. The Christian life is not about working to make yourself more like Christ. The Christian life is resting in Jesus and allowing him to reveal himself in you and through you.

(b) To will. God gives you righteous desires (Ps. 37:4). He gives you a willingness to do things your flesh would never choose to do. Paul was initially afraid to preach in Corinth, but by the grace of God he preached there for a year and a half.

As a new creation, you have a new heart that resonates with the promptings of the Holy Spirit (see Eze. 36:26). You have the mind of Christ (1 Cor. 2:16). You don’t need to fast and pray for 40 days to discern the will of God. You just need to lean on the Lord, rest in his love, then do what comes naturally.

(d) Good pleasure. It pleases the Father to inspire and empower you.

Our heavenly Father is not interested in religious rituals and sacrifices (Is. 1:11, Heb. 10:8). He created you to receive his love and share his life. Nothing pleases him more than to see you walking in the light of his love.

Philippians 2:14-15

Do all things without grumbling or disputing; so that you will prove yourselves to be blameless and innocent, children of God above reproach in the midst of a crooked and perverse generation, among whom you appear as lights in the world,

(sebuah) Grumbling or disputing. Be a person of gratitude and praise. Don’t be like the children of Israel who murmured and bickered in the wilderness. Pursue peace with all people (Heb. 12:14). “If possible, so far as it depends on you, be at peace with all men” (Rom 12:18).

(b) Prove yourselves. That you may be revealed as the children of God.

Believers are the dearly loved children of God (Eph. 5:1, 1 John 3:1). We are not God’s children because we have passed the blameless test and proved ourselves innocent. We were adopted into his family when we put our faith in Christ Jesus (Gal. 3:26, 4:5).

(c) Blameless and innocent… above reproach. A Christian who is confident of their Father’s love has no need to defend themselves or please others. They are flawless and faultless in their conduct because they are walking in step with the Spirit.

(d) Crooked and perverse generation. We live in a twisted and depraved age.

(e) Lights in the world. The church is a beacon of hope in a dark world, shining with the Light of life (John 8:12). “You are the light of the world” (Matt 5:14). Humanity was in darkness, so God sent a Light (John 12:46). That light shines in the hearts of his children so that all who are lost may find their way home.

Philippians 2:16

holding fast the word of life, so that in the day of Christ I will have reason to glory because I did not run in vain nor toil in vain.

(sebuah) Holding fast. Cling to Christ. Stand firm in the Lord and his grace and let nothing move you (Php. 4:1, 1 Pet. 5:12).

(b) The word of Life is Jesus. Jesus is the Living Word who gives life to those who believe in him (John 5:24). The word of life is revealed in the word of God (Php. 1:14), the word of truth (Col. 1:5), the word of Christ (Col. 3:16), and the gospel of Christ (Php. 1:27).

(d) Reason to glory. Reason to boast. “Your lives are the fruit of my labor. You are my joy and crown” (see Php. 4:1).

(e) I did not run in vain nor toil in vain. “Shine like lights and make me proud. When Jesus returns you will be the proof that my work was fruitful.” The danger is not that the Philippians might lose hold of Jesus and be lost, but that they might grumble and fight and fail to shine (see verses 14 and 15).

(f) Run. In Ephesians, Paul frames the Christian life around three activities: sitting, walking, and standing (Eph. 2:6, 4:1, 6:13). But Paul was also a sports fan (1 Cor. 9:25) and running was one of his favorite metaphors for describing Christian ministry (1 Cor. 9:24, Gal. 2:2, 5:7, 2 Tim. 4:7). He develops the running metaphor in the next chapter (Php. 3:13–14).

Philippians 2:17–18

But even if I am being poured out as a drink offering upon the sacrifice and service of your faith, I rejoice and share my joy with you all. You too, I urge you, rejoice in the same way and share your joy with me.

(sebuah) Poured out as a drink offering. “If I die. If my life is about to be poured out like an offering on account of preaching the gospel.”

(b) The sacrifice and service of your faith. “If the cost of your salvation is my life, I rejoice.” The sacrificial love of Christ so moved Paul that he was more than ready to die if it meant the salvation of others.

(c) Rejoice in the same way. “Don’t be sad at the prospect of my execution, but be cheerful with me. Whatever happens next, I’m in a win-win situation” (see masuk for Php. 1:21).

(d) Joy. Cheerful gladness and delight; see masuk for Php. 1:4.

Philippians 2:19

But I hope in the Lord Jesus to send Timothy to you shortly, so that I also may be encouraged when I learn of your condition.

(sebuah) I hope in the Lord Jesus. “I have confidence that the Lord will arrange things so that I can send Timothy to you soon.” Paul was reluctant to send Timothy away until he knew the outcome of his trial (Php. 2:23).

(b) Timothy was Paul’s partner in the gospel and he was with Paul in Rome (Php. 1:1). He was known to the Philippians as he had been to Philippi at least twice before (see masuk for Php. 2:22).

(c) I may learn of your condition. Paul planned to send Timothy to Philippi to encourage the Philippians (see next verse) and to bring a report back to Paul.

Philippians 2:20

For I have no one else of kindred spirit who will genuinely be concerned for your welfare.

(sebuah) Kindred spirit. The original adjective (isopsychos) is made up of two words that mean “similar” (isos) and “spirit” (psuche). Paul had several companions with him in Rome (Php. 4:21), but none of them was as like-minded or loyal as Timothy.

(b) Concerned for your welfare. Timothy had a shepherd’s heart.

Timothy was a rising star, yet Paul does not introduce him as such. He simply says, “Timothy cares for you.”

Philippians 2:21

For they all seek after their own interests, not those of Christ Jesus.

(sebuah) All seek after their own interests. No one else in Paul’s circle was willing to visit Philippi.

(b) Those of Christ Jesus. Those who serve the body of Christ are serving Christ. Those who seek the lost are seeking the interests of Jesus.

Philippians 2:22

But you know of his proven worth, that he served with me in the furtherance of the gospel like a child serving his father.

(sebuah) You know. The Philippians first met Timothy when he visited their city with Paul and Silas (Acts 16:1–12). Timothy may have visited them a second time on a later trip through Macedonia (Acts 19:22).

(b) His proven worth. Timothy was young, but he was a seasoned minister of the gospel who had labored side by side with Paul for years.

(c) The furtherance of the gospel. Paul’s purpose was plain: proclaim the good news of Jesus Christ. There is no more important message the world needs to hear and no other message we have been called to convey.

(d) Injil; Lihat masuk for Php. 1:5.

(e) Like a child. Paul and Timothy were like a father-and-son team serving together in the business of proclaiming the gospel.

Philippians 2:23

Therefore I hope to send him immediately, as soon as I see how things go with me;

See how things go with me. Paul wanted to wait until he knew the outcome of his trial before sending Timothy to Philippi. Timothy’s friendship would have been a great comfort to Paul during those long days of waiting.

Philippians 2:24

and I trust in the Lord that I myself also will be coming shortly.

I myself. Paul, expecting to be released from imprisonment, was making plans to visit the Philippians.

Philippians 2:25

But I thought it necessary to send to you Epaphroditus, my brother and fellow worker and fellow soldier, who is also your messenger and minister to my need;

(sebuah) Epaphroditus was a native of Philippi who had come to Rome bearing a financial gift from the church (Php. 4:18). During his stay in Rome, Epaphroditus became deathly ill (see following verses). When he recovered, Paul sent him back to Philippi with this letter.

The name Epaphroditus is derived from Aphrodite and means “lovely” or “charming.” He was lovely in name and character, and Paul would have been sad to see him leave.

(b) Fellow worker. Paul considered Epaphroditus a kindred spirit and a fellow minister of grace. Epaphroditus was one of five people named by Paul as fellow workers. The others are Timothy, Titus, Urbanus, and Philemon (Rom. 16:9, 21, 2 Cor. 8:23, Phm. 1:1).

(c) Fellow soldier. During his imprisonment, soldiers were never far from Paul’s mind. (He was chained to one (Acts 28:16, 20, Eph. 6:20).) Along with Epaphroditus, Archippus was also recognized as a fellow soldier (Phm. 1:2).

(d) Messenger. Kata benda aslinya (para rasul) is usually translated “apostle” which means a delegate or ambassador. Epaphroditus was a delegate or ambassador sent on behalf of the Philippians.

(e) Minister. Two words are translated minister in the New Testament, diakonos dan leitourgos. The former appears as “deacons” in Philippians 1:1; the latter, which has a more official connotation, is used here. To be a diakonos is to be a servant who provides practical help. (Epaphras was a faithful servant or diakonos (Col. 1:7)). To be a leitourgos is to serve in an official capacity. (Jesus is the high priest who serves in the true tabernacle as a minister or leitourgos (Heb. 8:2).) Paul is saying, “Epaphroditus has represented you Philippians well. Welcome him home with honor” (see Php. 2:29).

(f) Minister to my need. Epaphroditus brought funds from the Philippian church to help defray Paul’s food and accommodation costs.

Philippians 2:26–27

because he was longing for you all and was distressed because you had heard that he was sick. For indeed he was sick to the point of death, but God had mercy on him, and not on him only but also on me, so that I would not have sorrow upon sorrow.

(sebuah) Longing for you. Having been away from home for several months, Epaphroditus was homesick.

(b) God had mercy on him. Epaphroditus recovered from his illness.

Paul credited Epaphroditus’ healing to the mercy of God. However, it would be wrong to conclude that God withholds his mercy from sick people or those who die. Epaphroditus did not die in Rome but he died later. Did God stop being merciful? God’s mercy is ultimately revealed in granting us eternal life (Jude 1:21).

(d) Sorrow upon sorrow. If Epaphroditus had died, it would have added to the sorrows Paul was experiencing on account of his imprisonment.

Philippians has been called the epistle of joy, and rightly so. But that joy shines even brighter when viewed against the dark context of Paul’s suffering. In this letter he describes his struggle for the gospel (Php. 4:3), the grueling conflicts he faced (Php. 1:30), and the sorrows of his imprisonment (Php. 2:27). His candid admissions encourage all who are going through hard times. In this life we may have troubles and sorrow. But Jesus has the last word, and because of this we can rejoice (Php. 3:1).

Philippians 2:28

Therefore I have sent him all the more eagerly so that when you see him again you may rejoice and I may be less concerned about you.

(sebuah) I have sent him all the more eagerly. Paul planned to send two men to Philippi. Timothy would go later when there was news of Paul’s trial (Php. 2:23), but Epaphroditus would go immediately bearing this letter.

(b) Eagerly. The original adverb (spoudaiōs) is related to a word (spoudaios) that means “prompt” or “speed.” Epaphroditus would be sent speedily and without delay.

(c) I may be less concerned. Paul would feel better knowing the Philippians had received their beloved Epaphroditus back safe and sound.

Philippians 2:29

Receive him then in the Lord with all joy, and hold men like him in high regard;

(sebuah) Receive him then in the Lord. “Welcome Epaphroditus as a faithful minister of the Lord. He’s a man after my own heart” (see Php. 2:25).

(b) With all joy. With great gladness and delight.

(c) Men like him. Epaphroditus was one of those servant-hearted people who remind us of Jesus. By showing concern for the welfare of others, such people do the work of Christ (verses 20–21).

(d) High regard. Honor him. Hold him up as a model for others to follow. Thank God for him.

Philippians 2:30

because he came close to death for the work of Christ, risking his life to complete what was deficient in your service to me.

(sebuah) He came close to death. His service to Paul and the body of Christ nearly cost Epaphroditus his life (Php. 2:27).

(b) The work of Christ. In serving the Philippian church (by being their messenger) and serving Paul, Epaphroditus had served the Lord (see Matt. 25:35–40).

(c) Deficient in your service. The Philippians were not able to visit Paul in Rome. But Epaphroditus did what his fellow Philippians were not able to do.

(d) Service. Kata benda aslinya (leitourgia) is related to the word Paul uses for “minister” (leitourgos) in verse 25. In contrast with diakonia which means “practical service,” leitourgia has a more formal connotation of service. The word describes Zechariah’s priestly service in the temple (Luke 1:23) and Christ’s ministry as a mediator of a better covenant (Heb. 8:6). Epaphroditus wasn’t doing his own thing. In serving Paul, he was representing the Philippians in a semi-official capacity.

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Philippians 2