Matthæus 5

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Matthew 5:3

“Blessed are the poor in spirit, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven.

(a) Blessed. The original adjective (makarios) means happy, fortunate, privileged. It is usually translated as blessed but is sometimes translated as happy (Rom. 14:22), happier (1 Cor. 7:40), and fortunate (Acts 26:2).

(b) Poor in spirit. You may be the richest person alive, but to be poor in spirit is to acknowledge your true poverty. It is realizing that you are not rich toward God and that you lack what truly matters.

We are all poor and needy when it comes to salvation. Happily, the gospel of the kingdom is good news for the poor (Luke 4:18). The true riches that Christ offers come without cost, or rather, they come with a great cost that he has paid on our behalf. We come to him poor and empty-handed, and receive everything in return. We come naked and are clothed. We come hungry and are filled. We come thirsty and are satisfied.

(c) Himmeriget henviser til Guds regeringstid gennem hans søn Jesus Kristus (se indgang for Matt. 3:2).

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Matthæus 5:5

"Salige er de milde, for de skal arve jorden.

(a) Den blide or meek are those who are trusting in the Lord. “Those who wait for the Lord, they will inherit the land” (Ps. 37:9).

(b) Arve jorden. It is the way of the world to grasp and steal, but in the kingdom everything comes to us by grace. In Christ, we inherit a kingdom (Col. 1:12, Jas. 2:5), we inherit the earth (Rom.4:13), and we inherit all things (John 17:10, Heb. 1:2, Rev. 21:7).

Se indgang for Arv.

(c) Jorden. Det oprindelige ord (ge) can also be translated land. Your inheritance is land and this is fitting since we are of the land (Gen 2:7), and our cursed sin the land (Gen 3:17). God’s inheritance redeems the good gift he gave us.

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Matthæus 5:6

"Salige er de, der hungrer og tørster efter retfærdighed, for de skal mættes.

Retfærdighed in the new covenant is the state of being right with God. We are not made right with God by keeping the laws or passing some test. We are made righteous through the sacrificial death of Jesus the Righteous (Rom. 5:18-19, 2 Cor. 5:21).

In context, Jesus is saying, “Some of you are frustrated by your inability to overcome sin. You’ve tried hard but you keep failing. The good news is that I am the answer to your prayers. Through my one act of righteousness, many will be made righteous (Rom. 5:18). I have come to set you free from sin. I am the Righteous Branch foretold by the prophets. In union with me, you will be righteous and bear my righteous fruit (Php. 1:11).”

Se indgang for Retfærdighed.

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Matthæus 5:7

"Salige er de barmhjertige, for de skal modtage barmhjertighed.

Barmhjertighed is showing compassion towards those in need. Mercy is one facet of God’s grace (Heb. 4:16). Just as God is rich in grace (Eph. 1:7, 2:7, Jas. 4:6), he is rich in mercy (Luke 1:58, Eph. 2:4, Jas. 5:11, 1 Pet. 1:3). He is the God of all grace (1 Pet. 5:10) and the Father of all mercies (2 Cor. 1:3). See indgang for Barmhjertighed.

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Matthæus 5:8

"Salige er de rene af hjerte, for de skal se Gud.

Gud. Det meste af tiden, da Jesus talte om Gud, kaldte han ham Fader (se indgang for Luke 2:49). But when speaking to those under law, as he did in the Sermon on the Mount, he typically called him God (theos; Matt. 5:9, 34, 6:30, 33).

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Matthew 5:9

“Blessed are the peacemakers, for they shall be called sons of God.

(a) Peacemakers. We make peace by proclaiming the gospel of peace (Eph. 6:15) and revealing the way of peace (Luke 1:79), which leads us to the God of peace (Rom. 16:20, Php. 4:9, 1 Th. 5:23, Heb. 13:20), who gives us life and peace (Rom. 8:6).

(b) Gud; se forrige vers.

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Matthæus 5:10

"Salige er de, der er blevet forfulgt for retfærdighedens skyld, for Himmeriget er deres.

(a) Salige er de, der er blevet forfulgt. Persecution is a normal part of the Christian life (2 Tim. 3:12). When you turn your back on the world and live for Jesus, there will be a hostile reaction.

Det er ikke en velsignelse at blive forfulgt, men at blive forfulgt for retfærdighedens skyld er en velsignelse, fordi det betyder, at du tilhører Gud. Din forfølgelse beviser det.

(b) Persecuted. The original verb diōkō, which is related to the Greek verb diō (meaning “to flee”), has both positive and negative meanings depending on the context. In a positive context, it means “to pursue” or “strive for.” We are to pursue love (1 Cor. 14:1), pursue righteousness (1 Tim. 6:11), and pursue the things which make for peace (Rom. 14:19). In a negative context, it means “to persecute, harass, or oppress” (e.g., Rom. 12:10). It can also mean “to drive out or expel” (e.g., Matt. 23:24).

(c) Retfærdighedens skyld. To be persecuted for the sake of righteousness is to suffer for being a Christian (1 Pet. 3:14, 4:16).

(d) Deres er Himmeriget. If you belonged to the world, you would not be suffering for the sake of righteousness.

The wrong way to read this is to think we can earn entry into heaven through persecution. A better way is to realize that persecution proves that you are a citizen of a heavenly kingdom (Luke 22:29).

(e) Himmeriget henviser til Guds regeringstid gennem hans søn Jesus Kristus (se indgang for Matt. 3:2).

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Matthæus 5:11

"Salige er du, når folk fornærmer dig og forfølger dig og løgnagtigt siger alt ondt mod dig på grund af mig.

(en) Velsignet; se forrige vers.

(b) Falsk sige. To slander or bring a false accusation against a Christian is one of Satan’s primary weapons against the church. See indgang for 1 Pet. 2:12.

(c) På grund af mig. På grund af din tro på Kristus.

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Matthæus 5:12

"Fryd dig og glæd dig, for din løn i himlen er stor; thi på samme måde forfulgte de profeterne, som var før jer.

(a) Glæd dig og vær glad. To be persecuted on account of your faith in Christ is something to celebrate for it means the world recognizes you as a child of God. Your temporary suffering is nothing in comparison with the eternal and weighty glory that is coming (2 Cor. 4:17).

(b) Din belønning i himlen. Du kan blive forfulgt og latterliggjort på jorden, men du bliver genkendt i himlen.

Flere former for belønning er nævnt i skriften. Der er belønningen for evigt liv, der kommer af at stole på Jesus (se indgang for Matt. 16:27), and there is the reward or wage we get for our labor (see indgang for 1 Cor. 3:14). Here Jesus is talking about the heavenly reward or recognition that comes to those who are persecuted on account of their faith in him. “You’re in good company for in the same way they persecuted the prophets who were before you.” To be counted as an equal among the great prophets of old is an honor indeed.

Se opslag for Evige belønninger

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Matthæus 5:16

"Lad jeres lys skinne for menneskene på en sådan måde, at de kan se jeres gode gerninger og prise jeres Fader, som er i himlen.

(a) Good works are works of faith as opposed to dead works. Works of faith are things we do in response to the goodness of God. It’s exercising the gifts and talents he has given you in creative ways that align with his purposes and reveal his kingdom. In contrast, dead works are things we do in response to unbelief. These include activities that indulge the flesh or which are driven by fear. Helping the poor because the love of God compels you is a good work. Helping the poor because you hope to impress God or earn accolades from men is a dead work.

Since the Lord’s yoke is easy and light (Matt. 11:30), you can be sure that the good works God has called you to do will be a perfect match with your God-given abilities and temperament. Doing the works he has prepared for you will be immensely rewarding. You will find there is nothing you would rather do. Serving the Lord in this manner will hardly feel like work at all. It will feel like fun. Best of all, your work will result in praise to the Father.

(b) Din far. Den Almægtige Skaber ønsker, at du skal forholde dig til ham som din kærlige Fader.

When Jesus prayed, “Righteous Father… I have made your name known to them” (John 17:25-26), he was referring to the name of Father. Jesus is in the business of revealing the Father (see indgang for Luke 2:49). And when Jesus prayed, “Father, glorify your name!” (John 12:28), he was saying, “May you be known as Father.”

Bibelen har mange navne for Gud, men Jesus gav os det bedste navn af alle: "Abba, Fader" (se indgang for Mark 14:36). Abba er ikke navnet på en fjern og mystisk Gud. Abba is your heavenly Father who cares for you and knows your needs (Matt. 6:31–32). Abba Fader er Guds navn, som elsker dig lige så meget, som han elsker Jesus (se indgang for John 17:23).

Jesus referred to God as Father seventeen times in the Sermon on the Mount (Matt. 5:16, 45, 48, 6:1, 4, 6 (twice) 8, 9, 14, 15, 18 (twice), 26, 32, 7:11, 21). All the epistle writers referred to God as Father including Paul (Rom. 1:7, 6:4, 8:15, 1 Cor. 1:3, 8:6, 15:24, 2 Cor. 1:2–3, Gal 1:3–4, Eph. 1:2, 4:6, Php 1:2, 4:20, Col. 1:2–3, 1 Th. 1:1–3, 2 Th. 1:1–2, 2:16, Phm. 1:3, Heb. 12:7–9), Peter (1 Pet. 1:2–3, 17, 2 Pet. 1:17), James (1:17, 27, 3:9), John (1 John 1:3, 2:1, 3:1–2) and Jude (Jude 1:1).

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Matthæus 5:17

»Tro ikke, at jeg er kommet for at ophæve loven eller profeterne; Jeg kom ikke for at afskaffe, men for at opfylde.

(a) Jeg kom ikke for at afskaffe. Jøderne var bekymrede for, at Jesus var anti-loven, eller at han var kommet for at afskaffe deres elskede lov. "Det er ikke derfor, jeg er her," sagde Jesus. "Jeg kom ikke for at afskaffe loven, men opfylde den." På korset opfyldte Jesus lovens retfærdige krav på vores vegne.

(b) Loven refers to the Law of Moses, the commandments, ordinances, punishments, and ceremonial observances given to the nation of Israel through Moses (Jos. 8:31). This law is sometimes referred to as the law of commandments (Eph. 2:15) or the law of the Jews (Acts 25:8). See indgang for Loven.

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Matthæus 5:18

"For sandelig siger jeg jer, indtil himmel og jord forgår, skal ikke det mindste bogstav eller streg forgå fra loven, før alt er fuldendt.

(a) Truly. Det oprindelige ord (amēn) is sometimes translated as “amen” and it means “truly” or “so be it.” It’s a word to introduce a statement of truth, as in this verse, or convey a strong affirmation. In the New Testament, the word “amen” often concludes expressions of praise and prayers to God (e.g., Jude 1:25, Rev. 7:12). It is also used as a name of the Lord (Rev. 3:14).

(b) Himmel og jord, having been marred by sin, will pass away and be destroyed by fire (2 Pet. 3:7, 10, 12).

Der er en dobbelt betydning, som har relevans her. For et jødisk sind refererede himmel og jord til templet, Guds himmelske sæde på jorden. (Josephus beskrev templet som havende en utilgængelig himmelsk del (Det Helligste) og en tilgængelig jordisk del (Det Hellige; Oldsager, 3.7.7).) Uanset hvordan vi definerer himmel og jord, forbliver fortolkningen uændret: Loven vil ikke forgå, før dens formål som vejviser til Kristus er opfyldt.

(c) Loven; se forrige vers.

(d) Indtil alt er gennemført. Jesus said he would fulfill the law (see previous verse) and this he did by going to the cross. Through his sacrifice all sin was paid for (Heb. 9:26) and all claims against us were settled (Col. 2:14). For this reason, Christ is the end of the law or fulfilment of the law for all who put their faith in him (Rom. 10:4).

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Matthew 5:19

“Whoever then annuls one of the least of these commandments, and teaches others to do the same, shall be called least in the kingdom of heaven; but whoever keeps and teaches them, he shall be called great in the kingdom of heaven.

(a) Whoever annuls. Not lawbreakers per se, but those who treat the law loosely, as a guide rather than a commandment. The original verb for annul (luō) means “to loosen”.

(b) These commandments. The Law of Moses; see indgang for Matt. 5:17.

(c) Teaches others. The religious leaders were offering a watered-down and ineffective version of the law. As a result, the law could not do its proper job. As the prophets foretold, Jesus, the Messiah, magnified the law (Is. 42:21).
Jesus came to elevate the law.

(d) Least in the kingdom. Of low regard in the eyes of God.

Among the religious Jews, the scribes (the law-teachers) and Pharisees (devout lawkeepers) were held in high regard. But in the eyes of the Lord, they were woeful hypocrites who hindered people from coming to God (Matt. 23:13).

(e) Himmeriget henviser til Guds regeringstid gennem hans søn Jesus Kristus (se indgang for Matt. 3:2). In context, it means “the realm of the Messiah.”

(f) Whoever keeps or tries to keep the law in all its glory will die in the trying, for no one can keep the law (Gal. 3:11, 6:13). But in trying to keep the law we receive knowledge of sin and realize our need for grace (Rom. 3:20, Gal. 3:24).

Those who live by the law will be condemned by the law for the flesh is not capable of overcoming sin. But instead of being undone by their inability to keep the law, the religious Jews rewrote the law effectively lowering the standard. Christ’s response was to elevate the law. “But I say unto you” (see indgang for Matt. 5:22).

(g) And teaches them. The law is good if it is used properly (1 Tim. 1:8) and its proper purpose is to reveal our captivity to sin and our need for a Savior.

(h) Great in the kingdom. Of high regard in the eyes of God.

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Matthæus 5:20

"For jeg siger jer, at medmindre jeres retfærdighed overgår de skriftkloge og farisæernes, kommer I ikke ind i Himmeriget.

(a) Din retfærdighed. Jesus and the epistle writers drew a line between our righteousness (Matt. 6:1, Luke 18:9, Rom. 9:31, 10:3) and the righteousness that comes from God (see indgang for Matt. 6:33).

(b) De skriftkloge were experts in the law and were sometimes referred to as lawyers (e.g., Luke 7:30). The scribes were responsible for copying the scriptures (the Old Testament), teaching, reading, and interpreting the Law of Moses (Matt. 23:2, Luke 5:17). Many scribes were members of the ruling council or Sanhedrin (Mark 15:1, Acts 4:5), and some were members of the party of Pharisees (Mark 2:16, Acts 23:9). By the time of Christ, the scribes had become a highly-exclusive group who believed they understood the law better than the masses. Jesus rebuked the scribes for putting more emphasis on their traditions than on than the law itself (Mark 7:6–13), and for their greed and hypocrisy (Matt. 23:2–33, Luke 20:46–47). Some of the scribes were opposed to Christ (Matt. 9:3, 21:15, Mark 2:6–7, 3:22, 11:18, 14:1, Luke 22:2), but there were exceptions (Matt. 8:19). Jesus said a true scribe of the kingdom was one who brought out treasures new and old (see indgang for Matt. 13:52).

(c) De skriftkloge og farisæerne. In contrast with the affluent Sadducees, the scribes and Pharisees were recognized as devout keepers of the law. In Jewish society, they were the standard-setters and the most righteous religious people in town. Yet even their good performance was not enough to qualify them for the kingdom of heaven. In God’s eyes, no one is righteous (Rom. 3:10). We all need to seek first and receive the righteousness that comes from God (Matt. 6:33).

(d) Himmeriget; se indgang for Matt. 3:2.

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Matthæus 5:21

"I har hørt, at de ældste fik at vide, 'DU SKAL IKKE BEGGE mord' og 'Den, der begår mord, skal være ansvarlig over for retten.'

(a) Du skal ikke. Jesus quotes the seventh commandment (see Ex. 20:13).

(b) Retten. The law prescribed judgments for law-breakers. Under the Law of Moses, the punishment for murder was death (Ex. 21:12–14, 23, Lev. 24:17, 21).

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Matthæus 5:22

"Men jeg siger jer, at enhver, som er vred på sin bror, skal være skyldig for retten; og den, der siger til sin bror: "Du er skyldig i intet", skal være skyldig for højesteret; og den, der siger: 'Din tåbe', skal være skyldig nok til at gå ind i det brændende helvede.

(a) But I say. The prophets said the Messiah would “make the law great and glorious” (Is. 42:21). In contrast with the religious leaders who diluted or loosen the law (see indgang for Matt. 5:19), Jesus came to make the law magnificent. A magnificent law reveals your sin and your need for a Savior (Gal. 3:24). In contrast, a diluted law leaves you lukewarm and lost.

(b) Vred. Morderisk vrede er lige så slemt som mord.

It is not a sin to be angry, but anger can lead to sin (Eph. 4:26–27). For this reason we are to be slow to anger (Jas. 1:19) and quick to lay it aside (Col. 2:8).

Under the Law of Moses, murderers had to face judgment (see previous verse), but Jesus raised the standard. “But I say to you.” Jesus was not preaching the same law, but a tougher version of it to people born under law. In doing so he was fulfilling Isaiah’s prophecy (see Is. 42:21).

(c) Ildrende helvede. Jesus spoke about hell when preaching to people under the law (Matt. 5:22, 29, 30, 13:42, 18:9, Mark 9:43, 45, 47) and when rebuking the Pharisees and religious leaders (Matt. 23:15, 33) or when talking about them (Matt. 10:28). Jesus also spoke about hell in the context of Judgment Day (Matt 25:41; Luke 17:29–30). There seems to be a connection between hell and the teaching of the law, as if Jesus was saying “If you’re going to teach law, teach hell.” Hell is the cure for a watered-down law. The threat of hell gives the law teeth. In contrast, Paul, the apostle of grace, never mentioned hell directly (cf. 2 Th. 1:9). Nor does the Old Testament mention hell (although the word appears in the King James Version).

Det oprindelige ord for helvede i denne passage er geenna, som er det græske navn for Hinnoms dal (Ge-Hinnom or Gehenna), a small valley southwest of Jerusalem that was once a place of child sacrifice and Molech worship (Jer. 32:35). At the time of Christ Gehenna was a garbage dump where fires burned. Gehenna was both a real place and a metaphor for the Lake of Fire (Rev. 20:14), a.k.a. the eternal fire (Matt. 18:8, 25:41, Jude 1:7) or the unquenchable fire (Matt. 3:12, Mark 9:43–44, 46, 48, Luke 3:17). Hell/Gehenna should not be confused with Hades/Sheol, the Old Testament abode of the dead (see indgang for Matt. 16:18) or Tartarus, the prison for fallen angels (see indgang for 2 Pet. 2:4).

At the end of the age, those who oppose God and refuse the gift of life shall be cast into the fiery furnace of hell (Matt. 13:41–42, 49–50),where they will be destroyed (see entry for 2 Pet. 3:7). Hell was not originally designed for people but for the devil and his angels (Matt. 25:41).

Although the other New Testament writers refer to fiery judgment (2 Th. 1:8, Heb. 10:26-27, 2 Pet. 3:7, 10, Jude 1:7, 22-23) or a lake of fire (Rev 19:20, 20:10, 14, 15, 21:8), James, the half-brother of Jesus and the leader of the Jerusalem church, is the only other New Testament writer to refer to Gehenna specifically (Jas. 3:6).

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Matthew 5:23–24

“Therefore if you are presenting your offering at the altar, and there remember that your brother has something against you, leave your offering there before the altar and go; first be reconciled to your brother, and then come and present your offering.

(a) Therefore. This verse follows the previous one. Unresolved anger towards others is a serious business. When we are angry, it is easy to stumble and give place to the devil (Eph. 4:26–27). But while the verse 22 focused on your anger towards them, here Jesus is talking about their anger towards you.

(b) Your offering. You want to worship God? Then reveal his heart by making peace with those who have things against you.

Jesus is not preaching conditional forgiveness because you have nothing to forgive. The issue is with the other person. “Your brother has something against you.” He’s saying, “If possible, so far as it depends on you, be at peace with all men” (Rom. 12:18).

Our heavenly Father is a God of reconciliation and restoration (Rom. 5:10, 2 Cor. 5:20). He does not desire sacrifices and offerings (Ps. 51:16). He cares for people. The God of peace is glorified when we pursue peace with those who play for the other team, vote for a different party, or worship another god.

We honor God best as peacemakers, not troublemakers (Matt. 5:9). We reveal his heart by showing kindness and mercy (Rom. 2:4, 11:32). As always, Jesus shows the way. Many people were angry towards him, yet he consistently responded with a different spirit. He showed love and grace and forgave those who persecuted him. “Pursue the things which make for peace” (Rom. 14:19).

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Matthæus 5:27

      "I har hørt, at der blev sagt: 'Du MÅ IKKE begå utroskab';

Du har hørt. Jesus quotes the seventh commandment (see Ex. 20:14).

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Matthæus 5:28

men jeg siger jer, at enhver, som ser på en kvinde med begær efter hende, har allerede begået hor med hende i sit hjerte.

Men jeg siger til dig. Igen forstærker Jesus Moseloven.

The Ten Commandments forbade the sin of adultery (see previous verse), but Jesus raised the standard. Jesus was not preaching the same law, but a tougher version of it to people born under law. In doing so he was fulfilling Isaiah’s prophecy (see Is. 42:21).

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Matthæus 5:29

“Hvis dit højre øje får dig til at snuble, så riv det ud og kast det fra dig; thi det er bedre for dig at miste en af ​​dine legemsdele, end at hele dit legeme bliver kastet i helvede.

(a) Riv det ud; se næste vers.

(b) Helvede; se indgang for Matt. 5:22.

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Matthæus 5:30

“Hvis din højre hånd får dig til at snuble, så hug den af ​​og kast den fra dig; thi det er bedre for dig at miste en af ​​kroppens dele, end at hele din krop går i helvede.

(a) Stop det. Tear it out. Pluck it out. Throw it from you. These words of Jesus are so shocking that many dismiss them as hyperbole. “Jesus was merely illustrating the importance of guarding ourselves against sin.” But unlike the religious leaders, Jesus never played fast and loose with the law. Jesus elevated the law and made it terrifying. And guarding against sin won’t make you righteous and save you from hell. We are sanctified by the blood of the Lamb, not severed limbs (Heb. 10:29).

Så hvorfor prædikede Jesus selvamputering for dem, der var under loven? For ifølge loven giver det mening at fjerne de dele, der kan forurene helheden.

The law of righteousness is merciless (Rom. 9:31). It demands perfection (Gal. 5:3). One mistake, and you will be judged guilty of breaking all (Jas. 2:10). But we are not under the law-keeping covenant anymore. When we sin, Jesus does not amputate us or cut us off. He speaks in our defence and guides us back to the way of righteousness (1 John 2:1).

In the Sermon on the Mount Jesus was preaching to people who thought they would be judged righteous if they kept the law. But instead of being silenced by their inability to do so, they had watered it down making it easier to keep. Jesus’ response was to raise the bar: “Unless your righteousness surpasses that of the scribes and Pharisees, you will not enter the kingdom of heaven” (Matt. 5:20).

This is a serious business, said Jesus. If you persist in this course of self-reliance, you had better be prepared to go the whole way even if that means sacrificing an eye and a hand. (Paul said something similar in Galatians 5:12.)

En selvretfærdig person tror, ​​han kan imponere Gud med sin religiøse præstation. Det eneste sprog, han forstår, er lov. "Alle disse befalinger har jeg holdt fra min ungdom, hvad mangler jeg ellers?" Og Jesus svarer: "Okay, du bad om det. Modtag mere lov." Jesus prædikede en hård lov for at bringe den selvretfærdige prale til tavshed og afsløre vores behov for nåde.

(b) Helvede; se indgang for Matt. 5:22.

Yderligere læsning: "hugge din hånd af?!”

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Matthæus 5:31

”Der blev sagt, 'HVEM DER SENDER SIN KONE VÆK, LAD HAM GI HENDE ET SKISSESKILTEBEVIS';

(a) Sender sin kone væk. I henhold til Moseloven skulle en mand, der ønskede at skilles fra sin kone, gøre to ting: (1) skrive en få eller skilsmissebevis og (2) sende hende væk (5 Mos 24:1).

(b) Giv hende et skilsmissebevis. På Jesu tid var der mænd, som sendte deres hustruer væk uden at give dem et skilsmissebevis. Det skabte en frygtelig uretfærdighed kendt som konedumping (se indgang for Mark 10:11).

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Matthæus 5:32

men jeg siger jer, at enhver, som skiller sig fra sin hustru, undtagen på grund af ukyskhed, får hende til at begå hor; og den, der gifter sig med en fraskilt kvinde, begår utroskab.

(a) Skilsmisser. Det oprindelige ord (apoluo) betyder ikke skilsmisse i ordets moderne betydning.

Moseloven påbød, at en mand, der ønskede at skilles fra sin hustru, skulle gøre to ting: (1) skrive en få eller skilsmissebevis og (2) send (apoluo) hende væk (se forrige vers). Men nogle mænd gjorde det sidste, men ikke det første. De sendte deres koner ud i kulden uden at give dem en få eller skilsmissebevis. Disse kvinder kunne ikke gifte sig igen, da de stadig teknisk set var gift.

(b) Ukyskhed. I modsætning til hvad der er blevet udbredt, siger Jesus ikke, at kvinder (eller mænd) skal forblive i voldelige og farlige forhold.

Kvinder er blevet fortalt: "Du kan ikke forlade din voldelige mand, medmindre han har været utro. Hvis din mand er intim med en anden kvinde, kan du gå væk. Men hvis han slår dig sort og blå, må du blive der og tage det.” Herrens hjerte var at beskytte de svage og undertrykte. Han ville have bedt ofre for overgreb om at løbe, ikke gå, i sikkerhed. Der er aldrig nogen undskyldning for misbrug. Hjem bør være sikre steder, især for kvinder og børn.

(c) Får hende til at begå utroskab. At sende en kone ud uden at give hende et skilsmissebevis er kendt som konedumping. Denne skamfulde praksis har efterladt en så vedvarende plet på jødisk historie, at jøderne har et særligt navn for en kvinde, der sendes væk uden en få. Sådan en kvinde er kendt som en agunah eller en lænket kone. Hun har ikke længere en mand til at forsørge hende, men da hun stadig er gift, kan hun ikke gifte sig igen. Denne praksis med at dumpe koner var afskyelig for Jesus, og han brugte loven til at irettesætte de mænd, der gjorde det. "Du bryder de ti bud."

Jesus fordømmer ikke dumpede kvinder, han forsvarer dem. Hvis hun gifter sig igen, begår hun utroskab, men det er ikke hendes skyld; det er hendes dødslåede mands skyld, der sendte hende ud uden de rigtige papirer.

(d) Den, der gifter sig med en fraskilt kvinde. Jesus siger IKKE, at det er forkert for fraskilte at gifte sig igen. Det oprindelige ord for skilt (apoluo) henviser til en dumpet kone – en kvinde, der er blevet udsendt af sin mand uden skilsmissebevis. I det første århundrede havde dumpede koner få andre muligheder end at gifte sig igen, men de kunne ikke gifte sig igen uden at bryde loven.

Her er, hvad Jesus siger til de mænd, der ville gifte sig med dem: "Hvis du virkelig elsker hende, så gå hen og find hendes første mand - ham der dumpede hende - og få ham til at gøre, hvad han skulle have gjort i første omgang. Gør skilsmissen kosher. Få det certifikat. Så vil hun være en fri kvinde, og du kan gifte dig med hende uden at begå utroskab.”

Jesus dækker meget af to vers, men den korte version er, at han forsvarede kvinder mod en gammel uretfærdighed. I modsætning til vores moderne overbevisning sagde Jesus ikke, at mænd og kvinder skulle forblive i misbrugssituationer. Han sagde heller ikke, at de, der bliver skilt, som vi forstår det ord, begår utroskab.

Yderligere læsning: "Sagde Jesus, at utroskab er den eneste grund til skilsmisse?”

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Matthæus 5:44

"Men jeg siger jer: Elsk jeres fjender og bed for dem, der forfølger jer,

Elsk dine fjender. Hvis jøderne havde lyttet til Jesus, ville Judæa ikke være blevet ødelagt af romerne i 70 e.Kr. Men jøderne i det første århundrede såede had og mord og høstede udslettelse. Se indgang for Luke 19:42.

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Matthæus 5:45

for at I kan være sønner af jeres Faders, som er i himlen; thi han lader sin sol gå op over onde og gode og lader det regne over retfærdige og uretfærdige.

(a) for at I kan være sønner. Når vi er så fulde af Faderens kærlighed, at vi endda kan elske dem, der hader os, åbenbarer vi os selv som hans børn.

(b) Din far; se indgang for Matt. 5:16.

(c) Sender regn. Gud elsker hele verden. Se indgang for Heb. 6:7–8.

(d) De retfærdige er dem, der er blevet gjort retfærdige over for Gud ved gennem tro at modtage retfærdighedens gratis gave. Se indgang for Retfærdighed.

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Matthæus 5:48

"Derfor skal I være fuldkomne, ligesom jeres himmelske Fader er fuldkommen.

(a) Vær perfekt betyder "være hel, fuldstændig eller intet mangle." (Det oprindelige ord for perfekt (telios) betyder fuldstændig.) Jesus sagde det samme som apostlene, da de sagde "vær hellige" (se indgang for 1 Pet. 1:15).

A legalistic mindset interprets Christ’s words as a call to perfect obedience, but that is fruit off the wrong tree. The context is love. “Love your enemies and pray for those who persecute you that you may be sons of your Father in heaven” (Matt. 5:44–45). When we live in connection with the true Source of Life and Love, we are fully human and fully sons of God (1 John 4:12). This is what we were created for. “In this way, love is made complete (or perfected) among us” (1 John 4:17).

(b) Din himmelske Fader er perfekt i den forstand, at han er ubrudt, ubeskadiget, ufalden, fuldstændig komplet og hel i sig selv. Han er den udelelige, fuldstændig selvforsynende, og billedet af perfektion. Kort sagt, han er hellig. Se indgang for Hellighed.

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