Romanos 12

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Romanos 12:1

Portanto, exorto-vos, irmãos, pela misericórdia de Deus, a apresentarem seus corpos como um sacrifício vivo e santo, aceitável a Deus, que é o seu serviço espiritual de adoração.

(uma) Therefore. “In view of God’s mercies” (see Rom. 9:15–16, 11:30–32). Having part of chapters 9 and 11 proclaiming the manifold mercies of God, Paul shows us how to live in response to God’s mercies.

(b) I urge you. “I implore you.”

(c) Brethren. “My dear brothers and sisters in Christ.”

(d) The mercies of God. The mercies of God are your pathway a new life. Why waste another minute walking after the old ways of the flesh or fearing a God you imagine to be angry. Renew your mind and live in response to God’s goodness and mercy.

(e) Present your bodies. Give all of your body to God. (The original noun sōma means “body,” not “yourself.”) Paul is repeating what he said earlier: “Present your members as slaves to righteousness, resulting in sanctification” (Rom. 6:19). Your body belongs to Jesus (1 Cor. 6:20, Php. 1:20). Your hands and feet are his hands and feet. When you speak with your mouth, speak as though speaking the very words of God (1 Pet. 4:11).

We need to view our bodies the same way the Lord does. “The body is not for immorality, but for the Lord, and the Lord is for the body” (1 Cor. 6:13). While we wait for the redemption of our bodies, we are to worship him with the tools he has given us—our hands, feet, eyes, ears, minds, etc.

(f) Living… sacrifice. Many Christians are preoccupied with dying (e.g., dying to self, bearing their cross), but you are a living sacrifice. Christ died so that you might live to the full (John 10:10). We do that by presenting our bodies to God. “Lord, here I am. Do with me what you will.”

(g) Holy sacrifice. Many Christians worry that their bodies are unholy or sinful, but your body is the holy temple of the Holy Spirit (1 Cor. 6:19). One with the Lord, you are wholly holy. “The temple of God is holy, and that is what you are” (1 Cor. 3:17). You may think your body is the wrong shape, the wrong weight, the wrong color, or the wrong gender, but you are fearfully and wonderfully made (Ps. 139:14).

(h) Acceptable. The original adjective euarestos means “agreeable” and “well-pleasing.” Living in total dependence on the Father pleases him.

(i) Spiritual. The original word adjective lógica means “logical” or “rational,” not “spiritual.” Presenting our bodies to God is the smart thing to do. It’s infinitely better than letting the world dictate what we should see, do, say, or hear.

(j) Worship. Putting God at the center of our lives and glorifying him with our bodies is a fitting response to his goodness and mercy. Indeed, it is the primary way we worship him.

Romanos 12:2

E não vos conformeis com este mundo, mas transformai-vos pela renovação da vossa mente, para que experimenteis qual é a vontade de Deus, a que é boa, agradável e perfeita.

(uma) Do not be conformed. Don’t allow yourself to be shaped and influenced by the corrupt and counterfeit values of the present age. Don’t let the world tell you how to act and think.

Christians are citizens of a heavenly kingdom, and we are to conduct ourselves accordingly (Php. 1:27, 3:20). By doing so, we offer the world a radical alternative to the counterfeit and corrupt ways of the present age. But this only happens when we consciously choose to live with God at the center.

(b) This world. This present age. The original noun aiōn means “eon” or “age.” It is the same word Paul uses when he speaks of being rescued from “this present evil age” (Gal. 1:4).

(c) Be transformed. Genuine change comes as we behold the Lord and allow his promises to take root in our hearts.

Although you were made into a brand new creation the moment you responded to the Lord in faith, some things did not change. Old habits, attitudes, and mindsets can thwart the purposes of God in your life making you unfruitful and miserable. The remedy is to change the way you think.

(d) Transformed. The original verb metamorphoō is related to the word “metamorphosis.” It describes a change from one form (e.g., a caterpillar) into another (e.g., a butterfly). The same word describes Christ’s glorious change on the Mount of Transfiguration (Matt. 17:2).

The new creation is marked by three kinds of change. In the beginning, there is the new birth that happens when we are born again and put into Christ (Rom. 6:3). Then, at the end, there is the sudden transformation that will happen when Jesus returns and we are clothed with resurrection bodies (1 Cor. 15:52). Between these two events, there is the ongoing change of spiritual growth—the journey of becoming more like Christ, which Paul describes here.

(e) Renewing of your mind. Train your brain. Renovate your thinking and re-center yourself on God. Be quick to believe his promises and abandon those mindsets that don’t align with the gospel of Christ. Don’t believe the lie that says you can never change. People change all the time. Just look at the life of Paul or any of the apostles.

“Renew your mind” does not mean “do everything you read in the Bible.” Nor does it mean “obey the red letters of Jesus.” (Jesus sometimes preached law to people under the law.) “Renew your mind” means “stop walking after the old ways of the flesh and learn to walk in the new way of the spirit” (Rom. 8:4–5). Find your identity and purpose in your Father.

Formerly, our minds were darkened, and our thinking was shaped by the world we live in (Eph. 4:17–18). Now that the Holy Spirit has turned the lights on, we need to change how we think. When we think right, we’ll live right.

(f) Prove. The original verb dokimazō means proving in the way an assayer tests and approves precious metals (1 Pet. 1:7). It’s discerning God’s good-as-gold purposes for your life.

(g) Prove what the will of God is. Walking in the will of God is not complicated. We present ourselves to God—we trust him, rest in his love and believe his word, even if it contradicts what the world is telling us—and then walk in the revelation he gives us. Some people tie themselves in knots trying to figure out the will of God for their lives. God’s will is for you to fix your eyes on Jesus and walk. Do that, and God will take care of the rest.

(h) The will of God captures the eternal reality for which we were made. His will, which gives meaning to life, can be contrasted with the counterfeit worldviews offered by fallen humanity.

(i) That which is good and acceptable and perfect. God’s will for your life is good, agreeable, satisfying, and beautiful. God’s will for you perfectly matches the person he made you to be.

Romanos 12:3

Pois, pela graça que me foi dada, digo a cada um de vocês que não tenha uma opinião mais elevada de si mesmo do que deveria; mas pensar de modo a ter bom senso, pois Deus atribuiu a cada um uma medida de fé.

(uma) Through the grace given to me. “As God’s messenger, permit me to warn you about the dangers of pride.”

(b) Think more highly of himself. Don’t get puffed up with pride. Don’t fall for the lie that says you got here through grit and hard work.

(c) Have sound judgment. Understand that your gifts and abilities were given to you by God (1 Cor. 12:7, Jas. 1:17).

(d) Uma medida de fé. God has given you the faith you need, and your faith is worth more than gold (1 Pet. 1:7). If you believe that Jesus is your Savior and that God has made you righteous, then you have the same precious faith as the apostles (2 Pet. 1:1).

(e) Faith means being persuaded or fully convinced that God is good and trustworthy. See entrada for Rom. 1:8.

Ver entrada para Fé.

Romanos 12:4

Pois assim como temos muitos membros em um corpo e todos os membros não têm a mesma função,

(uma) Members. The members of your body (your eyes, hands, ears, etc.) connect you to the physical world; see entrada for Rom. 6:13.

(b) Um corpo. Just as the human body has many parts that serve different functions, so too the body of Christ is made up of many unique and special members (people with different talents and gifts, see verse 6).

Romanos 12:5

assim nós, que somos muitos, somos um corpo em Cristo, e individualmente membros uns dos outros.

(uma) We, who are many. The New Testament church was large and the modern church is far bigger still.

(b) Um corpo em Cristo. The body of Christ is the church, of which Christ is the head (Eph. 1:22–23, 5:23, Col. 1:18).

One of the ways we renovate our thinking is by learning to see ourselves as part of God’s great family. We no longer judge other believers based on their ethnicity, gender, or pedigree. In the new creation, it makes no difference whether you are Jew or Gentile, male or female, slave or free (Gal. 3:28, Col. 3:11). In Christ, we are one body united by one faith and joined by one Spirit under one God and Father (Eph. 4:4–6)

Our spiritual union with the Lord is such an alien concept to the natural mind that the Bible provides several word pictures to help us grasp it (e.g., a vine and its branches, the temple of the living God, the Lamb and the bride). The metaphor which appears most often in the New Testament is that of the body of Christ, of which every believer is a member (Rom. 12:4, 5, 1 Cor. 6:15, 10:17, 12:12–20, 22–27, Eph. 3:6, 4:4, 4:15–16, 5:23, 30, Col 1:18, 2:19, 3:15).

(c) Members. Metaphorically, members are people, the individual parts of the body of Christ. As fellow members, we are joined together by God so that we might have mutual dependence on one another, and look out for the interests of others (1 Cor. 12:24–25, Php. 2:4). No Christian stands alone.

(d) Members one of another. We need each other to receive the love, grace, and wisdom that God provides through others.

Romanos 12:6

Visto que temos dons que diferem de acordo com a graça que nos foi dada, cada um de nós deve exercê-los de acordo: se profetizar, de acordo com a proporção de sua fé;

(uma) We have gifts. Every believer has been graced by God with spiritual gifts to build the church and reveal the kingdom (Rom. 1:11, 1 Cor. 12:7, 14:3–4, 12). Just as we had natural talents in the family of Adam, in the new creation family of God, we have spiritual talents or abilities. These spiritual gifts include those listed in the following two verses (prophecy, service, teaching, exhortation, giving, leading, and showing mercy) as well as wisdom, knowledge, faith, healing, miracles, discerning of spirits, speaking in tongues, and interpreting tongues (1 Cor. 12:8–10).

(b) De acordo com a graça que nos foi dada. We have all been “graced” or given spiritual gifts and abilities. “Each one has received a special gift” (1 Pet. 4:10). Spiritual gifts are received by faith. They are not earned through works. The gifts God gives us can be exercised in countless ways, both inside and outside the church.

(c) Cada um de nós is to exercise our God-given gifts regardless of race or gender.

For the church to thrive, we need to value the gifts God has given to our brothers and sisters. Sadly, this doesn’t happen in settings where women are side-lined. Paul says, “Each of us is to exercise our gifts,” but they say, “Some of us need to stay silent.” Significantly, Paul wrote these words to a church full of women active in ministry (e.g., Phoebe (Rom. 16:1), Prisca (Rom 16:3), Mary (Rom. 16:6), Junia (Rom. 16:7), Tryphena, Tryphosa and Persis (Rom. 16:12)).

(d) Prophecy. The gift of prophecy is the ability to impart truth from God’s heart in a way that encourages, strengthens, and comforts people (Acts 15:32, 1 Cor. 12:10, 13:2, 14:3–5). Prophecy helps us understand spiritual mysteries (1 Cor. 13:2) and sometimes manifests in visions or foresight (e.g., Acts 11:28, 16:9–10, 21:10–11). A prophet builds the church by calling forth God’s purposes and helping others walk in their God-given gifts and calling. People who prophetically speak forth the heart of God may also work as artists, activists, social entrepreneurs, community organizers, film-makers, corporate social responsibility directors, and government officials (e.g., Joseph and Daniel). New Testament prophets include Agabus (Acts 21:10), Judas and Silas (Acts 15:32), and the four daughters of Philip (Acts 21:8–9).

(e) According to the proportion of his faith. We all have faith (Rom. 12:3), but we don’t exercise our faith to the same degree. Some have weak faith, while others have strong faith (Rom. 14:1). We strengthen our faith by growing in the grace of God.

Ver entrada para Fé.

Romanos 12:7

se estiver servindo, em seu serviço; ou aquele que ensina, em seu ensino;

(uma) Service. The gift of service is the ability to reveal Jesus the Servant-king by helping others (e.g., 1 Cor. 16:15). It is taking care of the practical needs of those in the church (e.g., Acts 6:1–3). Stephanos and his family were praised by Paul for their service to the saints (1 Cor. 16:15).

(b) Teaching. The original verb didaskō means “to instruct.” Godly teachers instruct people how to walk and grow in the grace of God (Col. 1:28, 2 Pet. 3:18). Typically, they do this by unpacking the Bible in a way that reveals Jesus (Luke 24:27). People with this gift may also work as school teachers, lecturers, home school educators, trainers, science communicators, tour guides, content creators, authors, pastors, and more.

Romanos 12:8

ou aquele que exorta, na sua exortação; quem dá, com liberalidade; quem lidera, com diligência; aquele que mostra misericórdia, com alegria.

(uma) Exhorts. The gift of exhortation or encouragement is the ability to come alongside people and strengthen them in the Lord (e.g., Col. 4:11). Barnabas was gifted in this area and was known as the Son of Encouragement (Acts 4:36). People with this gift may work as life coaches, tutors, mentors, managers, ministers, volunteer coordinators, motivational speakers, influencers, and more.

(b) Gives. The gift of giving is the ability to reveal the unbridled generosity of God the Giver while inspiring generosity in others. Godly givers gather and distribute resources in ways that reveal kingdom solutions to worldly problems. People with this gift may work as investors, silent partners, philanthropists, patrons, sponsors, fundraisers, social entrepreneurs, scholarship coordinators, grant writers, and more.

(c) Leads. The gift of leadership is ability to set an example of relying so deeply on Christ that others are inspired to follow. The original verb proistemi means “to stand before,” not in the sense of a general standing before his troops (see Matt. 20:25–26), but in terms of watching over and setting an example for others to follow (1 Pet. 5:2–3). We can all lead, but specific leadership roles mentioned in the context of the church include apostles, prophets, evangelists, pastors, and teachers (Eph. 4:11).

(d) Mercy. The gift of mercy or compassion is the ability to reveal the compassion of God by helping those who are hurting or in need. People with this gift may work as caregivers, foster parents, nurses, therapists, social workers, aid workers, activists, counselors, special education instructors, refugee support workers, paramedics, missionaries, chaplains, and more.

(e) Cheerfulness. The original noun hilarotēs is related to a word that means “hilarious” or “merry.” In times of gloom and darkness, cheerful Christians shine.

See also the entrada for “Spiritual Gifts”

In verses 6 to 8, Paul has discussed specific gifts that vary from person to person. In verses 9 to 19, he gives general exhortations for all believers.

Romans 12:9

Let love be without hypocrisy. Abhor what is evil; cling to what is good.

(uma) Let love be without hypocrisy. Love others with the authentic love you have received from the Father—love that is patient, kind, and other-focused.

(b) Abhor what is evil. Hate the wickedness in the world, but don’t hate people. Direct your contempt toward the lies and practices that enslave and destroy those whom Jesus died for.

(c) Cling to what is good. Hold fast to whatever is good, beautiful, pure, righteous, and admirable (Php. 4:8). Become wise in such things (Rom. 16:19).

Romans 12:10

Be devoted to one another in brotherly love; give preference to one another in honor;

(uma) Brotherly love. Treat fellow believers like family.

The body of Christ offers something the world desperately needs—authentic connection with God and each other. Brotherly love is not about keeping others on a short leash and managing their sins. Brotherly love is about keeping it real, loving one another through thick and thin, and pursuing those things that build one another up (e.g., Rom. 12:15, 14:19, Gal. 5:13, Eph. 4:2, 1 Pet. 3:8).

(b) Give preference to one another. Authentic love is other-focused. It puts others first, helps out, picks up the tab, and does not care who gets the credit.

Romans 12:11

not lagging behind in diligence, fervent in spirit, serving the Lord;

(uma) Diligence. Don’t be lazy. Don’t welch off the generosity of others (2 Th. 3:10–12).

(b) Fervent in spirit. Be enthusiastic and wholehearted in your service to others.

Note that we are to be fervent in spirit, not in the flesh. Religious zealots are passionate because they believe God is impressed by their enthusiasm or they will be rewarded for their efforts. But fleshly fervor eventually burns out, exhausting those who try to sustain it on their own. In contrast, spiritual fervor is ignited by the Holy Spirit. It’s fueled by the white-hot love of your heavenly Father. No one was more fervent or fruitful than the apostle Paul, yet he attributed his productivity to God’s grace, which empowered him (1 Cor. 15:10). Even the strongest grow weary, but those who rest in the Lord will have their strength renewed. They will run and not grow tired (Is. 40:31).

(c) Serving the Lord. Serve people as though serving the Lord (Eph. 6:6–7). “Whatever you do, do your work heartily, as for the Lord rather than for men” (Col. 3:23).

Romans 12:12

rejoicing in hope, persevering in tribulation, devoted to prayer,

(uma) Rejoicing in hope. Our great and glorious hope (salvation, eternal life, the restoration of all things, etc.) gives us a reason to look forward with joy. Our times are in the Lord’s hands (Ps. 31:15).

(b) Hope is a confident expectation of the future, a vision of a brighter tomorrow; see entrada for Rom. 15:13.

(c) Persevering in tribulation. The ability to endure trials and troubles comes from God; see entrada for Rom. 15:5.

(d) Devoted to prayer. Be earnest and intentional about prayer (Col. 4:2). Prayer is a lifestyle. To “pray without ceasing” is to live with a prayerful attitude (1 Th. 5:17). It’s bringing your troubles, questions, and concerns to your Father, knowing that he cares for you (1 Pet. 5:7).

Romans 12:13

contributing to the needs of the saints, practicing hospitality.

(uma) Contributing. Share your time and resources with Christian brothers and sisters in need. Do good to all people, especially those who are part of the family of God (Gal. 6:10).

(b) Saints. Christians; see entrada for Rom. 1:7.

(c) Practicing. Two verbs are translated as “practice” in this letter. The first verb (prassō), which appears in Romans 1:32, means “perform repeatedly or habitually.” The second verb (poieō), which appears here, means “do” without the habitual implication. Paul is saying, “Be hospitable” or “be friendly to strangers.” He is not saying, “Turn your home into a hotel.”

(d) Hospitality. The original noun philoxenia is made up of the words philos, which means “friend” and xenos, which means “stranger” or “foreigner.” To show hospitality is to befriend strangers.

Romans 12:14

Bless those who persecute you; bless and do not curse.

(uma) Bless. The rubber of our faith hits the hard road of reality when we respond to persecution with the attitude of Christ. We don’t badmouth those who oppose us, but we turn the other cheek, pray for them, and look for ways to show undeserved love (Matt. 5:39–44). If they are hungry and thirsty, we feed them and give them something to drink (Rom. 12:20).

(b) Persecute. Those who harass and oppress you or drive you away.

The original verb diōkō, which is related to the Greek verb diō (meaning “to flee”), has positive and negative meanings depending on the context. In a positive context, it means “to pursue” or “strive for.” We are to pursue love (1 Cor. 14:1), pursue righteousness (1 Tim. 6:11), and pursue the things which make for peace (Rom. 14:19). In a negative context, it means “to persecute, harass, or oppress” (e.g., Matt. 5:10–12). It can also mean “to drive out or expel” (e.g., Matt. 23:24).

(c) Curse. The original verb kataraomai means “execrate.” It is verbalizing contempt and loathing for another person.

Romans 12:15

Rejoice with those who rejoice, and weep with those who weep.

Rejoice… weep. Show empathy and be openhearted. Learn why others are celebrating or mourning and share their joy or pain.

Romans 12:16

Be of the same mind toward one another; do not be haughty in mind, but associate with the lowly. Do not be wise in your own estimation.

(uma) Same mind. Be agreeable with one another (Rom. 15:5, 1 Cor. 1:10, Php. 2:2). Christians may not agree on every detail of doctrine, but we need to agree that we are one family and our Father’s love is greater than whatever may divide us.

(b) Associate with the lowly. If the family of God is to walk in the love of Christ, we need to make time for those who are considered of little repute and who seem to have nothing to offer.

(c) Do not be wise in your own estimation. Don’t act like a somebody who has no time for the nobodies. We are all equal in grace and co-heirs with Christ.

Romans 12:17

Never pay back evil for evil to anyone. Respect what is right in the sight of all men.

(uma) Never pay back evil. Don’t play the judgment game when you are mistreated. Don’t take revenge (verse 19).

(b) Respect what is right. Pursue what is good for others (1 Th. 5:15). Be a blesser, not a curser (1 Pet. 3:9). You are the only Bible some people will read.

Romanos 12:18

Se possível, no que depender de você, esteja em paz com todos os homens.

(uma) If possible. Christianity has an unfortunate association with the bloodied crusader and the hellfire preacher, but the true sons of God are peacemakers (Matt. 5:9). Our desire is to live at peace with everyone. When that’s not possible, it may be time to move on, change the subject, change the conversation, and perhaps even change towns (see Matt. 10:14).

(b) Be at peace with all men means pursue peace with those who play for the other team, vote for a different party, or worship another god. Our Father is the God of peace (Rom. 15:33), and his heart is for reconciliation (Rom. 5:10, 2 Cor. 5:20). We represent him best as peacemakers, not troublemakers (Matt. 5:9). We reveal his heart by showing kindness and mercy (Rom. 2:4, 11:32). Paul is a good example. Everywhere he went, he encountered people of different religions and ideologies. Yet he toppled no idols and punched no zealots. Instead, Paul consistently proclaimed the gospel of peace. “Pursue the things which make for peace” (Rom. 14:19).

Leitura adicional: “How to live at peace in a hostile world”

Romans 12:19

Never take your own revenge, beloved, but leave room for the wrath of God, for it is written, “VENGEANCE IS MINE, I WILL REPAY,” says the Lord.

(uma) Revenge. The original verb ekdikeō means “to do justice.”

When we are unjustly treated, the temptation is to take matters into our own hands and settle accounts. But the pursuit of revenge perpetuates evil by giving each side new reasons to justify further animosity. Only forgiveness can break the self-destructive spiral. If the person who mistreated you has broken the law, let the authorities do their job (Rom. 13:1–5). Your part is to trust God and reveal Jesus by loving your enemies (see next verse).

(b) Beloved; Vejo entrada for Rom. 1:7.

(c) Wrath is an expression of justice, a rebalancing of the scales, but there is more than one kind of wrath. In the opening chapters of Romans, Paul describes the wrath of God that will be visited upon the ungodly and unrighteous on the day of wrath (Rom. 1:28, 2:5–8). In chapter 13, he describes the wrath of government authorities who punish wrongdoers (Rom. 13:1–4). He also talks about the wrath stirred up by the law (Rom. 4:15).

(d) Of God. These words are in italics to show they are not in the original text but have been added by translators. Paul is saying, “Leave room for wrath,” or “Trust God to deal with the injustices of life.” Wiser words have seldom been spoken. We do not know what the future holds. Today’s enemies may be tomorrow’s friends. If the early Christians had taken revenge on the menace that was Saul, there might have been no Paul, no Gentile churches, and no letter to the Romans.

(e) It is written. The “Vengeance is mine” quote comes from Deuteronomy 32:35.

(f) Vengeance. Justice is God’s business.

Just as there are different types of wrath, there are different types of vengeance; vindictive (an eye for an eye) and vindicating (making right). Old covenant wrath is the former; new covenant wrath is the latter.

Isaiah said, “God will come with vengeance,” and when he does, blind eyes will be opened, deaf ears will hear, and barren lands will become fruitful (Is. 35:4–7). When God pours out his wrath on those things that are opposed to his goodness—blindness, barrenness, and every other bad thing—the mute will shout for joy, and the lame will leap like deer.

(g) Repay. “Trust God to deal with it. Let him balance the books and right all wrongs.”

The original verb antapodidōmi is a neutral term that means to “give back in response.” It’s an act of reciprocity. Because something was done, something else must be done in return. The word can have a positive connotation, as in “you will be repaid at the resurrection of the righteous” (Luke 14:14), or a negative one, as in “it is only just for God to repay with affliction those who afflict you” (2 Th. 1:6).

Romans 12:20

“But if your enemy is hungry, feed him, and if he is thirsty, give him a drink; for in so doing you will heap burning coals on his head.”

(uma) Your enemy. The “hungry enemy” quote comes from Proverbs 25:21–22.

(b) Feed him. Bless those who persecute you by providing for their needs. Destroy your enemy by turning them into a friend. Treat the sinner the same way Christ treated you (Rom. 5:8).

(c) Heap burning coals. The burning coals metaphor vividly depicts a pricked conscience being aroused into action. Your undeserved kindness may disarm your enemy, stir up remorse, and lead to reconciliation.

Paul practiced what he preached (1 Cor. 4:12). When he was unjustly imprisoned in Philippi, he chose not to flee when the walls collapsed, knowing it could bring punishment upon the jailer (Acts 16:25–28). When he was falsely accused and brought before the corrupt governor Felix, Paul spoke respectfully and without rancor (Acts 24:10–25). Although persecuted by the Jews in half the cities he visited, Paul responded with kindness, even offering to trade places with them if it meant salvation (Rom. 9:2–3).

Romans 12:21

Do not be overcome by evil, but overcome evil with good.

(uma) Do not be overcome. Don’t succumb to the dark side. When we see the evil and injustice in the world, the temptation is to get angry and take up arms. But that path only leads to more evil. The righteousness of God is not achieved with the enemies’ tools (see 2 Cor. 10:4, Jas. 1:20).

(b) Overcome evil with good. For a third time, Paul exhorts us to respond to evil with good (Rom. 12:14, 17). Angry, vengeful Christians achieve nothing of lasting significance. Only the love of God can change the world. Only light can conquer darkness.

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