The Grace Commentary – Your free verse-by-verse Bible commentary Luke 15

Lucas 15:1

Agora todos os cobradores de impostos e pecadores aproximavam-se dele para ouvi-lo.

(uma) Coletores de impostos e pecadores. Tax collectors were revenue collectors for the hated Roman occupiers, while sinners were the irreligious and those considered unrighteous (Matt. 9:13). The word “sinner” in the Gospels, typically refers to someone who does not keep the law (John 7:49).

(b) Coming near. Grace attracts sinners. Those who had been judged as outcasts and pariahs were received by Jesus and they loved him for it.

Lucas 15:2

Tanto os fariseus como os escribas começaram a murmurar, dizendo: “Este homem recebe pecadores e come com eles”.

(uma) Pharisees; see entrada for Matt. 3:7.

(b) Scribes; see entrada for Matt. 5:20.

(c) Grumble. Like the Israelites who murmured against Moses (e.g., Ex. 15:24), the Pharisees and scribes complained about Jesus. By receiving sinners, they said, he was giving approval to their sinful conduct. This was unacceptable. Jesus was out of line. Sinners are to be shunned, written off, and avoided. Those who are “righteous” ought to have nothing to do with them.

(d) Receives. The original word (prósdechomai) é uma forma fortalecida da palavra para receber (dechomai). Jesus acolheu e aceitou os pecadores.

(e) Eats with them. To eat with sinners was the greatest scandal of all. To share a table with the unclean was defile oneself, or so thought the religious leaders. They did not understand that Jesus came to seek and save those who are lost (Luke 19:10). To help them understand, Jesus told them stories about three lost things; a lost sheep, a lost coin, and a lost son.

Lucas 15:3

Então Ele lhes contou esta parábola, dizendo:

(uma) Them. The Pharisees and scribes (see previous verse). Although Jesus is in the company of tax collectors and sinners, it’s the grumbling men to whom these stories are directed.

(b) Parable. A parable is an earthly picture that conceals a spiritual reality. The parable of the Lost Sheep teaches us that tax collectors and sinners are so precious to God that he searches for them like a shepherd searching for a lost sheep. Jesus also told this parable to his disciples on another occasion (Matt. 18:12–14).

Leitura adicional: “The Grace Bible: The Parables of Jesus” – coming soon!

Lucas 15:4

“Que homem dentre vós, tendo cem ovelhas e perdendo uma delas, não deixa as noventa e nove no pasto e vai atrás daquela que se perdeu até encontrá-la?

(uma) What man among you. As is his habit, Jesus engages his listeners with a direct question. The question is ironic because the Pharisees and scribes were not shepherds and may have looked down on shepherding as an uncouth trade. But in a spiritual sense, they were shepherds of Israel, and negligent shepherds at that (Jer. 23:1–2, Eze. 34:2–4).

(b) Cem ovelhas é um rebanho substancial. Perder uma ovelha pode ser considerado uma perda aceitável, mas não para este pastor. Ele valoriza cada um.

In the Old Testament, God is portrayed as a shepherd (Ps. 23:1, Is. 40:11) who searches for his lost and scattered sheep (Eze. 34:11–12). In the New Testament, Jesus is revealed as the Good Shepherd who calls his sheep and lays down his life for them (John 10:3, 11). He is the promised Messiah sent to find the lost sheep of Israel (Matt. 10:6, 15:24).

(c) Lost. The sheep is lost because it belongs to the shepherd. In the same way, all who are lost belong to the Father. He made them. He ransomed them. He does not want any to perish but desires all to be saved (1 Tim. 2:4, 1 Pet. 3:9).

In context, Jesus is speaking of those who have gathered around him. The religious leaders called them sinners, but Jesus said they were lost and he had come to save them (Luke 19:10).

(d) As noventa e nove ovelhas são aqueles que se consideram justos e não precisam de resgate. Ver entrada for Luke 15:7.

(e) Go after the one. Manmade religion says you have to find God, but the gospel declares God is looking for you. He searches for you because you are valuable to him. You are the sheep worth rescuing and the pearl of great price.

(f) Finds it. Just as the shepherd searches until he finds the lost sheep, God will never give up on you. He will never say, “That one is beyond my reach.” If you have loved ones who seem far from God, take comfort that the Good Shepherd is even now searching and reaching for them.

Lucas 15:5

“Quando ele o encontra, ele o coloca sobre os ombros, regozijando-se.

Rejoicing. The Good Shepherd does not beat or scold the lost sinner, but he gathers them in his arms rejoicing that they are found.

Lucas 15:6

“E quando chega em casa, reúne seus amigos e vizinhos, dizendo-lhes: 'Alegrai-vos comigo, pois encontrei minha ovelha que estava perdida!'

Rejoice with me. These words are directed to the grumbling Pharisees and scribes who are disgusted that Jesus is dining with sinners (Luke 15:1–2). “Stop standing back like some kind of contemptuous elder brother and come join the party.” The three parables of lost things (a sheep, a coin, and a son) all end with rejoicing.

Lucas 15:7

“Eu lhes digo que da mesma forma haverá mais alegria no céu por um pecador que se arrepende do que por noventa e nove justos que não precisam de arrependimento.

(uma) Alegria no céu significa que Deus está se regozijando, e por que não o faria quando uma criança perdida é encontrada e um pecador é salvo?

A religião em geral, e os edifícios religiosos em particular, podem dar a impressão de que o céu é um lugar tranquilo de reflexão sóbria, onde pessoas introspectivas contemplam os seus pecados. Mas o céu que Jesus descreveu é um lugar feliz de alegria e celebração.

(b) Sinner. The word “sinners” ought to be in quotation marks since it was the religious leaders who called them sinners (Luke 15:2). Jesus said they were lost sheep and he had come to save them (Matt. 10:6, 15:24, 18:11).

Ao descrever o arrependimento em termos de uma ovelha resgatada, Jesus confunde as noções religiosas sobre o que significa acertar-se com Deus. Para os religiosos, o arrependimento implica conformidade com as regras. É evitar o pecado e os pecadores e servir obedientemente ao Senhor. O arrependimento, em uma palavra, é trabalho. Mas na parábola da Ovelha Perdida, é o pastor quem faz todo o trabalho e a ovelha simplesmente recebe o benefício.

Arrepender-se no sentido da nova aliança é mudar de ideia sobre a bondade de Deus. Você pode ter imaginado que Deus estava distante e indiferente, mas a parábola revela que ele o ama e veio para resgatá-lo. Você pode ter pensado que não tinha valor e estava além da salvação, mas o evangelho revela que você é altamente valorizado, amado e por quem vale a pena morrer.

Ver entrada para o Arrependimento.

(d) Noventa e nove righteous persons. The so-called “righteous” people are those who do not see themselves as sinners in saving (Matt. 9:13). They are the Pharisees and scribes who are confident of their own righteousness and who cannot fathom why someone claiming to be the Son of God would receive sinners.

Indeed, the ninety-nine are more lost than the one because they do not realize that we are all lost sheep (Is. 53:6).

Lucas 15:8

“Ou qual é a mulher que, tendo dez moedas de prata e perdendo uma, não acende uma candeia, não varre a casa e procura cuidadosamente até encontrá-la?

(uma) Woman. Jesus, the champion of equality, follows a story about a man searching for sheep with another story about a woman searching for a coin. If Jesus is the shepherd in the first parable, he is the woman in the second, metaphorically speaking.

Colocar uma mulher no centro das atenções teria sido chocante para aqueles tipos religiosos que diariamente agradeciam a Deus por não terem nascido gentio ou mulher. Mas não teria sido estranho para aqueles que foram criados com as histórias de Ester, Miriam e Rute.

(b) Moeda or drachma. A Greek drachma was roughly equal to a Roman denarius and was equivalent to a day’s wage for a laborer (Matt. 20:2).

(c) Lamp and sweep. The woman goes to some trouble to find that which she had lost. In the same way, the Lord is intentional in searching for the lost. He illuminates the darkness with the light of the gospel and he sweeps away our transgressions so that we might be found.

Lucas 15:9

“Quando ela a encontra, ela reúne seus amigos e vizinhos, dizendo: 'Alegrai-vos comigo, pois encontrei a moeda que havia perdido!'

(uma) Rejoice with me; see entrada for Luke 15:6.

(b) I had lost. The woman takes responsibility for the lost coin. In the same way, Jesus takes responsibility for our lostness. He does not say, “They brought it on themselves.” But he who knew no sin became sin on our behalf, so that we might become the righteousness of God in him (2 Cor. 5:21).

(c) Lost. The coin is lost because it belongs to the woman. In the same way, all who are lost belong to the Father. He made them. He ransomed them. He does not want any to perish but desires all to be saved (1 Tim. 2:4, 1 Pet. 3:9).

In context, Jesus is speaking of those who have gathered around him. The religious leaders called them sinners, but Jesus said they were lost and he had come to save them (Luke 19:10).

Lucas 15:10

“Da mesma forma, eu lhes digo, há alegria na presença dos anjos de Deus por um pecador que se arrepende.”

(uma) Alegria… de Deus significa que Deus está se regozijando, e por que ele não se alegraria quando uma criança perdida fosse encontrada e um pecador fosse salvo?

(b) Sinner; see entrada for Luke 15:7.

Lucas 15:20

“Então ele se levantou e foi até seu pai. Mas estando ele ainda muito longe, seu pai o viu e sentiu compaixão por ele, e correu, abraçou-o e beijou-o.

Ran and embraced him. God is like a father watching for your return, who runs when he sees you coming, and who falls on you with hugs and kisses. As a dearly-loved child, you can rest in your Father’s love knowing you have nothing to prove.

Lucas 15:28

“Mas ele ficou zangado e não quis entrar; e seu pai saiu e começou a suplicar-lhe.

He became angry. The self-righteous man is hostile towards grace. Indeed, he detests grace for it undermines everything he has worked for. When he hear the happy sounds of the party, his prideful anger is aroused. See entrada para a justiça própria.

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Lucas 15