The Grace Commentary – Your free verse-by-verse Bible commentary Mark 13

Marcos 13:1

Ao sair do templo, um de seus discípulos lhe disse: “Mestre, eis que pedras maravilhosas e que construções maravilhosas!”

O templo era o maior edifício em Israel. Ver entrada for Matt. 24:1.

Marcos 13:2

E Jesus disse-lhe: “Vês estes grandes edifícios? Não ficará pedra sobre pedra que não seja derrubada”.

Nem uma pedra. Jesus previu a destruição do complexo do templo. Ver entrada for Matt. 24:1.

Marcos 13:3

Enquanto Ele estava sentado no Monte das Oliveiras, em frente ao templo, Pedro e Tiago e João e André estavam questionando-o em particular,

(uma) O Monte das Oliveiras. Christ’s longest and most astonishing prophecy is known as the Olivet Discourse as it was uttered while he was conversing with his closest friends atop the Mount of Olives. The prophecy, which is recorded in Matthew 24, Mark 13, and Luke 21, was given in response to their questions about the destruction of the temple.

(b) Peter. Simon Peter; see entrada for Mark 3:16.

(d) John; see entrada for Mark 1:19.

(e) Andrew, see entrada for Mark 1:16.

Marcos 13:4

“Diga-nos, quando serão essas coisas e qual será o sinal de quando todas essas coisas se cumprirão?”

(uma) Essas coisas are the things Jesus has just been discussing, namely the destruction of the temple complex (see Mark 13:2). In Matthew’s account, the disciples also ask about the end of the age and the sign of his coming (Matt. 24:2).

(b) Quando. A destruição do templo (e de Jerusalém) seria um evento catastrófico anunciando o fim da civilização judaica. Os discípulos naturalmente queriam saber quando isso aconteceria.

Marcos 13:5–6

E Jesus começou a dizer-lhes: “Cuidado para que ninguém os engane. “Muitos virão em Meu nome, dizendo: 'Eu sou Ele!' e enganará muitos.

"Eu sou ele." Ver entrada for Matt. 24:4–5.

Marcos 13:7

“Quando você ouvir falar de guerras e rumores de guerras, não se assuste; essas coisas devem acontecer; mas isso ainda não é o fim.

(uma) Guerras. Ver entrada for Matt. 24:6.

(b) Essas coisas devem acontecer. As guerras fazem parte da existência humana há muito tempo.

Marcos 13:8

“Pois se levantará nação contra nação, e reino contra reino; haverá terremotos em vários lugares; também haverá fomes. Essas coisas são apenas o começo das dores do parto.

(uma) Nação. Ver entrada for Luke 21:10.

(b) Terremotos; Vejo entrada for Matt. 24:7.

(d) Dores de parto; Vejo entrada for Matt. 24:8.

Marcos 13:9

“Mas fique atento; porque eles vos entregarão aos tribunais, e sereis açoitados nas sinagogas, e por minha causa estarás perante governadores e reis, para lhes servir de testemunho.

(uma) Esteja em guarda. Watch out. Jesus’ warning here is similar to one given in his “Behold, I send you out as sheep in the midst of wolves” speech in Matthew 10. “Be shrewd as serpents… and beware of men” (Matt. 10:16–17). Jesus told the disciples what would happen to them to prepare them. To be forewarned is to be forearmed.

(b) Açoitado nas sinagogas. Jesus told the religious leaders that they would scourge and persecute those he sent (Matt. 23:34). Then he told his disciples that they would be scourged and persecuted.

Peter and the apostles were flogged for preaching about Jesus (Acts 5:40). So was Paul (2 Cor. 11:24).

(c) Governadores e reis. Jesus told his disciples they would stand before governors and kings and they did. Peter was interrogated by the Sanhedrin (Acts 4:5), imprisoned by Herod (Acts 12:1–4), and crucified by Nero.

(d) Como testemunho. Testemunho significa evidência ou relatório. Os apóstolos dariam relatos de testemunhas oculares da morte e ressurreição de Jesus para aqueles em posições de poder.

Marcos 13:10

“O evangelho deve primeiro ser pregado a todas as nações.

(uma) O Evangelho refere-se ao evangelho de Cristo ou ao evangelho de Deus ou ao evangelho do reino. Todos esses são rótulos diferentes para o evangelho da graça. Ver entrada para o Evangelho.

(b) Pregado. Somos instruídos a fazer duas coisas com o evangelho; acredite e pregue (veja entrada for Mark 16:15).

For Jewish disciples raised under racist religion, this was a new and scandalous idea. But they obeyed and within a generation the gospel was ‘bearing fruit and growing throughout the whole world’ (Col. 1:6). Obviously Paul was referring to the known world or the Roman world.

Marcos 13:11

“Quando te prenderem e te entregarem, não te preocupes com o que vais dizer, mas diz o que te for dado naquela hora; pois não sois vós que falais, mas é o Espírito Santo.

(uma) Não se preocupe. As they waited in holding cells or were strapped to scourging posts, they remembered the words of Jesus and were encouraged. When brought before the authorities, the Holy Spirit told them what to say, and their inspired speeches were recorded in the scriptures for our edification (e.g., Acts 4:8–13).

(b) Worry is the misuse of imagination. It is framing the future in fear instead of faith; see entrada for Matt. 6:31.

Marcos 13:12

“O irmão entregará à morte o irmão, e o pai entregará ao filho; e os filhos se levantarão contra os pais e os matarão.

Alguns interpretam as palavras de Cristo como se referindo aos cristãos que traem irmãos e irmãs, mas Jesus está descrevendo a violência e a traição que marcaram a guerra civil da Judéia. Ele está falando sobre o que vai acontecer no lugar em que está sentado.

Dentro de uma geração Jerusalém foi dilacerada por traição e lutas internas entre três grupos; os zelotes, os herodianos e os idumeus. A traição e o backstabbing que ocorreram entre esses grupos foi shakespeariano em complexidade. Era judeu contra judeu e irmão contra irmão. A raiva que poderia ter sido mais bem focada em um inimigo comum alimentou uma guerra civil que foi em grande parte confinada dentro dos muros inexpugnáveis da cidade.

Marcos 13:13

“Vocês serão odiados por todos por causa do meu nome, mas aquele que perseverar até o fim, esse será salvo.

Quem perseverar até o fim será salvo. Se eles te perseguirem em uma cidade, fuja para a próxima
Ver entrada for Matt. 10:22.

Marcos 13:14

“Mas quando você vir a ABOMINAÇÃO DA DESOLAÇÃO onde não deveria estar (que o leitor entenda), então aqueles que estão na Judéia devem fugir para os montes.

(uma) Abominação da desolação; Vejo entrada for Matt. 24:15.

(b) Os que estão na Judéia; Vejo entrada for Matt. 24:16.

Marcos 13:15

“Quem estiver no eirado não desça, nem entre para tirar alguma coisa de sua casa;

No telhado; Vejo entrada for Matt. 24:17.

Marcos 13:16

e quem estiver no campo não volte atrás para pegar sua túnica.

No campo; Vejo entrada for Matt. 24:18.

Marcos 13:17

“Mas ai das grávidas e das que amamentarem naqueles dias!

(uma) Grávida; Vejo entrada for Matt. 24:19.

(b) Amamentar bebês; Vejo entrada for Matt. 24:19.

Marcos 13:18

“Mas reze para que isso não aconteça no inverno.

Inverno was not a good time to travel. The roads were muddy and rough, which is why the kings of old waited until spring before going to war (2 Samuel 11:1). Besides, Jesus said flee to the mountains where it would be miserably cold (Mark 13:14).

Marcos 13:19

“Porque aqueles dias serão um tempo de tribulação, como nunca ocorreu desde o princípio da criação que Deus criou até agora, e nunca ocorrerá.

Um tempo de tribulação; Vejo entrada for Matt. 24:21.

Marcos 13:20

“A menos que o Senhor tivesse encurtado aqueles dias, nenhuma vida teria sido salva; mas por causa dos eleitos, a quem escolheu, abreviou os dias.

(uma) Dias encurtados; Vejo entrada for Matt. 24:22.

(b) Seu eleito. No Novo Testamento, os crentes são chamados de eleitos ou escolhidos de Deus (ver entrada for 1 Peter 1:1).

Marcos 13:21

“E então, se alguém vos disser: 'Eis aqui o Cristo'; ou, 'Eis que Ele está lá'; Não acredite nele;

Aqui está o Cristo; Vejo entrada for Matt. 24:23.

Marcos 13:22

porque surgirão falsos cristos e falsos profetas, e farão sinais e prodígios para enganar, se possível, os eleitos.

(uma) Falsos cristos e falsos profetas; Vejo entrada for Matt. 24:24.

(b) O eleito. Crentes; Vejo entrada for 1 Peter 1:1.

Marcos 13:23

“Mas tome cuidado; eis que vos disse tudo de antemão.

In other words, “Remember what I have told you and don’t be deceived or troubled when things turn out just as I have spoken.” Jesus’ detailed warnings in here and in Matthew 24 saved the lives of all who heeded him and fled.

Marcos 13:24–25

“Mas naqueles dias, depois daquela tribulação, O SOL SE ESCURECERÁ E A LUA NÃO ABRIRÁ, E AS ESTRELAS CAEM DO CÉU, E OS PODERES QUE ESTÃO NOS CÉUS SERÃO ABALADOS.

(uma) A tribulação; Vejo entrada for Matt. 24:21.

(b) Sol, lua, estrelas; Vejo entrada for Matt. 24:29.

Marcos 13:26

“Então verão O FILHO DO HOMEM VINDO NAS NUVENS com grande poder e glória.

Vindo em nuvens; Vejo entrada for Matt.24:30.

Marcos 13:27

“E então enviará os anjos e reunirá os seus eleitos desde os quatro ventos, desde a extremidade da terra até a extremidade do céu.

(uma) Seus anjos; Vejo entrada for Matt.24:31.

(b) Gather together; Vejo entrada for Matt.24:31.

(d) Os quatro ventos are the four corners of the earth. “They will come from east and west and from north and south” (Luke 13:29).

Jesus wanted to gather the Jews, but they were not willing (Matthew 23:37). So now he will send his apostles to gather all who will be drawn, regardless of color or race.

Marcos 13:28

“Agora aprenda a parábola da figueira: quando seu ramo já está tenro e brota suas folhas, você sabe que o verão está próximo.

(uma) Parable. A parable is a story or, in this case, a word picture with a hidden or parabolic meaning. This parable of the Fig Tree should not be confused with the parable of the Barren Fig Tree (Luke 13:6–9).

(b) The fig tree. As the budding of the fig tree proves that summer is nigh, so shall the signs Jesus has given prove that the end is nigh, at least as far as Judea is concerned. The unfolding of historical events (wars, earthquakes, armies, then destruction), will be as inevitable as the unfolding of natural events.

Leitura complementar: “The Grace Bible: The Parables of Jesus” – coming soon!

Marcos 13:29

“Mesmo assim, você também, ao ver essas coisas acontecendo, reconheça que Ele está perto, bem na porta.

(uma) When you see. Jesus’ warnings about the destruction of Jerusalem were for the Judeans generally and the disciples specifically.

(b) Essas coisas are the things Jesus has been discussing; the rise of false prophets (Matt. 24:11), increasing lawlessness and anarchy (Matt. 24:12), the gospel being preached everywhere (Matt. 24:14). “When you see Jerusalem surrounded by armies, recognize that her desolation is near” (Luke 21:20).

Marcos 13:30

“Em verdade vos digo que não passará esta geração até que todas estas coisas aconteçam.

(uma) Truly. Listen up and pay attention. Your lives depend on you heeding what I say. “Take heed; behold, I have told you everything in advance” (Mark 13:23).

(b) Esta geração; Vejo entrada for Matt.24:34.

Marcos 13:31

“O céu e a terra passarão, mas as minhas palavras não passarão.

(uma) Céu e terra; Vejo entrada for Matt.24:35.

(b) Minhas palavras ou minhas promessas. A nova aliança, em outras palavras. Ver entrada for Matt.24:35.

Marcos 13:32

“Mas daquele dia ou hora ninguém sabe, nem os anjos no céu, nem o Filho, mas somente o Pai.

(uma) Mas daquele dia. O fim dos tempos e o retorno do Filho do Homem.

The disciples wanted to know when the temple would fall and when Christ would return (Matt. 24:3). Jesus has just finished answering their first question (within a generation) and now answers their second (no one knows). The first event was predictable – Jesus gave them 40 signposts – but the second is a mystery. The former could be anticipated, but the latter will come like a thief in the night (1 Thess. 5:2).

(b) Ninguém sabe quando Jesus voltará exceto Deus o Pai.

There are more than 90 scriptures in the New Testament pertaining to the Lord’s final coming, but none of them answers the question of when. God shares many things with his children, but the timing of Christ’s return is not one of them. In his wisdom our heavenly Father has determined that we do not need to know.

Leitura complementar: “Quando é a Segunda Vinda?”

Marcos 13:33

“Tome cuidado, mantenha-se alerta; pois você não sabe quando chegará o tempo designado.

(uma) Take heed. Pay attention.

(b) Alert; see entrada for Mark 13:37.

(c) You do not know. Those who claim to know when Christ will return are presuming to know more than Jesus (see previous verse).

(d) The appointed time of the Lord’s return. When the disciples pressed Jesus for more information about his return and the restoration of Israel, Jesus replied: “It is not for you to know times or epochs which the Father has fixed by his own authority” (Acts 1:7).

Mark 13:34

“It is like a man away on a journey, who upon leaving his house and putting his slaves in charge, assigning to each one his task, also commanded the doorkeeper to stay on the alert.

(uma) It is like. Jesus is on the Mount of Olives telling four of his disciples about his return to heaven and eventual return to earth (Mark 13:3). To illustrate what his physical absence will be like for them, he tells the Parable of the Doorkeeper.

(b) A man away on a journey. Jesus is the man about to go on a journey (to heaven) who leaves his house (his church) in the care of his slaves (those who belong to him). The Parable of the Doorkeeper, sometimes called the Watchful Doorkeeper, consists of one verse and is followed by three verses of application. It is similar to the Parable of the Waiting Slaves, which Jesus told to the crowds (Luke 12:35–38).

(c) Putting his slaves in charge. The theme of a man going on a journey and leaving his slaves in charge appears in five of Jesus’ parables: the Doorkeeper (Mark 13:34), the Waiting Slaves (Luke 12:35–38), the Faithful Steward (Matt. 24:45–51, Luke 12:42–46), the Talents (Matt. 25:14–30), and the Minas (Luke 19:12–27).

(d) Slaves. The original noun doulos describes someone who belongs to a master. When Paul introduces himself at the start of his letters as a bondslave or doulos of Christ Jesus, he means, “I belong to the Lord.” He does not mean that he works like a slave or that he fears his master’s beatings. The slaves in Jesus’ parables had a variety of occupations. They included field hands (Matt. 13:27), agricultural agents (Matt. 21:34), heralds (Matt. 22:3), security staff (Luke 12:36–37), shepherds (Luke 17:7), cooks (Luke 17:8), business partners (Matt. 25:14), estate managers (Mark 13:34), investors (Luke 19:13), and government officials in the service of a king (Matt. 18:23). See entrada for Matt. 18:23.

(e) Slaves in charge. If Jesus is the master who has gone away, the slaves represent believers who have been given the authority to rule and reign here and now (Luke 10:19, Rom. 5:17). We are Christ’s ambassadors (2 Cor. 5:20), his new covenant ministers (2 Cor. 3:6), and the stewards of his grace (1 Pet. 4:10).

(f) The doorkeeper is singled out for special mention. In Middle Eastern cultures, it was the doorkeeper’s job to stay awake through the night and open the door or gate as needed.

(g) Alert. The Greek verb grēgoreō means “to be awake.” It is the opposite of being asleep (verse 36).

Mark 13:35

“Therefore, be on the alert—for you do not know when the master of the house is coming, whether in the evening, at midnight, or when the rooster crows, or in the morning—

(uma) Be on the alert. Don’t be asleep when the Lord returns (see next verse).

(b) You do not know. For the third time in four verses, Jesus emphasizes that nobody knows when he will return (Mark 13:32, 33, 35).

(c) Evening, midnight, rooster, morning. These four times correspond roughly to the four Roman watches of the night, beginning at sunset and ending at sunrise.

Mark 13:36

in case he should come suddenly and find you asleep.

(uma) Suddenly. Jesus’ return will be as sudden and dramatic as a thief breaking into a house. “I will come like a thief, and you will not know at what hour I will come to you” (Rev. 3:3). See entrada for Matt. 24:43).

(b) Find you asleep. Those who are slumbering in the stupor of sin need to wake up and turn to God before it is too late.

Jesus is not speaking about weary or lethargic Christians. He is referring to those who remain dead in their sins and need to “awake and arise from the dead” (Eph. 5:14). The danger is not that believers will be caught napping, but that unbelievers will be unprepared. As Paul explains, this warning is for those who remain in darkness, not for the sons of the day: “Let us not sleep as others do, but let us be alert and sober” (1 Thess. 5:6).

Marcos 13:37

“What I say to you I say to all, ‘Be on the alert!’”

(uma) All. Jesus’ message is for everyone. We all need to be ready for his final and glorious return.

(b) Be on the alert! For the fourth time in five verses, Jesus urges us to be ready for his return. It’s not a threat but an invitation to look forward to the consummate event of history. When Christ returns in glory, it will be a time of joy and celebration. All wrongs will be put right, all hurts healed, and all things made new (Rev. 21:5).

Few instructions in Scripture are clearer than the Lord’s call to be ready and alert for his return (Matt. 24:42–44, 25:13, Mark 13:33–35, 37, Luke 12:40, 21:36). Some translations say “keep watch,” but this can be misleading. Since we don’t know when the Lord will return, what are we supposed to watch for? Watching for Jesus is like staring at an airport arrivals board when you don’t know the flight you’re waiting for. When the disciples asked about a timeline for the second coming, Jesus said, “It is not for you to know times or epochs which the Father has fixed by his own authority” (Acts 1:7). The only thing he tells us to watch for is the leaven of the Pharisees and Sadducees (Matt. 16:6).

The repeated warnings to “be alert” are not for believers who are already dressed in readiness and waiting for their master. They are for the unprepared—the undressed unbelievers who have not put on Christ, and the spiritually asleep who are not ready for his return. Those who are unready will be like the homeowner surprised by the thief in the night (Luke 12:39) or like those swept away in the flood in Noah’s day (Matt. 24:37–39).

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Marco 13