The Grace Commentary – Your free verse-by-verse Bible commentary John 13

João 13:1

Ora, antes da festa da Páscoa, sabendo Jesus que era chegada a sua hora de passar deste mundo para o Pai, tendo amado os seus que estavam no mundo, amou-os até ao fim.

A Festa da Páscoa preceded the weeklong festival of Unleavened Bread. Traditionally, Passover was celebrated in the home on the evening of the 14th of the first month (the Thursday before Good Friday). But since the time of Hezekiah and Josiah (2 Chr. 30:1, 35:1), Passover was also observed in temple sacrifices made later on the 14th (the daylight hours of Good Friday)

João 13:2

Durante a ceia, tendo o diabo já colocado no coração de Judas Iscariotes, filho de Simão, que o traísse,

(uma) O diabo. O desejo e o plano de entregar Jesus àqueles que o matariam vieram de Satanás (ver entrada for Luke 22:3).

(b) Judas. Two of the twelve disciples were named Judas, hence the need to distinguish the one who betrayed Jesus (Luke 6:16). The name Iscariot suggests this Judas was from the town of Kerioth, in Judea. If so, he was the only one of the twelve who was not a Galilean. Judas took care of, and occasionally stole from, the disciples’ money box (John 12:6). Although Jesus treated Judas no differently from his other disciples (see entrada for John 13:28), he knew that Judas was not one of his own (John 13:11) and that he would eventually betray him (John 6:70-71).

(d) Traí-lo. Judas had heard that the chief priests were looking to seize Jesus (John 11:57). Seeing an opportunity to make some money, he went to them to offer his services (Matt. 26:15). The chief priests agreed to pay him thirty pieces of silver (Matt 26:15), the price of a common slave (Ex. 21:32). It does not seem to have occurred to Judas that his betrayal would result in Jesus’ death (Matt. 27:3).

João 13:8

Pedro disse-lhe: “Nunca me lavarás os pés!” Jesus respondeu-lhe: “Se eu não te lavar, não terás parte comigo”.

If I do not wash you. A Christian is someone who has been washed by the cleansing word of Christ (Eph. 5:26). We are not washed clean through water baptism. We are washed or cleansed when we receive the word of Christ (1 Cor. 6:11, Tit. 3:5, 2 Pet. 1:9).

João 13:11

Pois Ele conhecia aquele que O traía; por esta razão Ele disse: “Nem todos vocês estão limpos”.

Nem todos vocês estão limpos. Jesus knew that Judas did not belong to him (John 6:70). He knew this because of the way Judas called him rabbi, when the other disciples called him Lord (Matt. 26:25). He knew it because Judas remained captive to sin and greed (Matt. 26:15, John 12:6). And he knew it because the Holy Spirit had revealed the dark intentions of Judas’s heart (John 13:27).

João 13:18

“Eu não falo de todos vocês. Eu conheço aqueles que escolhi; mas é para que a Escritura se cumpra: 'AQUELE QUE COME DO MEU PÃO LEVANTOU O SEU CALCANHAR CONTRA MIM.'

Judas made a secret plan to betray Jesus (John 13:2), but Jesus knew about it (John 13:10). Here Jesus quotes Psalm 41:9.

João 13:19

“De agora em diante, estou lhe dizendo antes que aconteça, para que, quando acontecer, você possa acreditar que eu sou Ele.

Jesus queria que seus discípulos soubessem o que estava para acontecer, para que tivessem mais provas de que ele era o Cristo, o cumprimento da profecia.

João 13:21-22

Depois de dizer isso, Jesus ficou perturbado em espírito, testificou e disse: “Em verdade, em verdade vos digo que um de vós me trairá”. Os discípulos começaram a olhar uns para os outros, sem saber de quem Ele estava falando.

(uma) He became troubled in spirit. Jesus had spent time with Judas. He had ministered with him and washed his feet. Jesus loved Judas which is why he was troubled by what Judas had planned to do.

Estar perturbado ou agitado em seu espírito é saber que algo está errado mesmo quando tudo parece normal. Alguns podem dizer “Senti um aperto no meu espírito” ou “Eu estava indo em uma determinada direção, mas parei porque algo não estava bem dentro de mim”.

Se tudo parece bem no natural, mas seu espírito está perturbado ou agitado, você precisa prestar atenção. Seu espírito está sentindo algo e você faria bem em prestar atenção a isso. Talvez você esteja considerando um candidato a emprego que preenche todos os requisitos, mas seu espírito está perturbado. Não os contrate. Pare e ore. Peça ao Senhor que lhe dê sabedoria para saber o que fazer.

(b) Um de vocês vai me trair. Jesus did not say this to agitate his friends, but to prod Judas into action (John 13:27). “Judas, I know what you intend to do. Now either do it or repent.”

João 13:23

Estava reclinado no colo de Jesus um dos Seus discípulos, a quem Jesus amava.

O discípulo a quem Jesus amava is mentioned only in John’s Gospel (John 13:23, 19:26, 20:2, 21:7, 20). Who was the beloved disciple? It was most likely John himself. Although this is never stated in scripture, there are good reasons to support this. First, the beloved disciple was at the Last Supper (John 13:23). Jesus attended the Last Supper with the Twelve (Mark 14:17), and John was one of the Twelve. Second, Jesus reclined at the table with the Twelve (Matt 26:20), and John was one of those reclining. Third, the beloved disciple was one of six disciples who went fishing with Peter (John 21:7), and John was one of the six (John 21:2-3). Fourth, John was one of the three disciples who were close to Jesus and present with him in important events such as the Mount of Transfiguration (Matt. 17:1). Fifth, John had a unique revelation of the love of God. Not only did he see himself as beloved of God, but in his epistles he frequently refers to other believers as beloved or dearly-loved (see entrada for 1 John 2:7).

João conhecia o grande amor de Deus. É por isso que ele se autodenominou o discípulo que Jesus amava. João escreveu para que você também se visse como aquele que Jesus ama.

João 13:26

Jesus então respondeu: “Esse é aquele por quem eu molharei o bocado e lhe darei”. Então, depois de molhar o bocado, pegou-o e deu-o a Judas, filho de Simão Iscariotes.

The opportunity to betray Jesus had come, but Judas wasn’t paying attention. He knew the Lord’s plans for the evening, yet he did not slip out to alert the chief priests as he had promised (Matt. 26:16). If Jesus was going to get himself arrested, he had to give Judas a nudge. So he quoted an old prophecy. “He who eats my bread has lifted up his heel against me” (John 13:18). Judas did nothing. So Jesus said, “One of you will betray me” (John 13:21). Still Judas did nothing. So Jesus hands him a piece of bread and basically says, “Judas, pay attention. The hour has come.”

João 13:27

Após o bocado, Satanás entrou nele. Por isso Jesus lhe disse: “O que você faz, faça-o rapidamente”.

(uma) Satanás então entrou nele. O desejo e o plano de entregar Jesus àqueles que o matariam vieram de Satanás.

The love of money is the root of all evil, and Judas was captive to avarice (John 12:6). It was through his greed that the chief priests tempted him to sin (Matt. 26:15).

(b) O que você faz, faça rapidamente. Judas had done a deal with the chief priests to betray Jesus. The chief priests wanted to be informed of an opportune time when Jesus could be taken quietly and without attracting attention (Luke 22:6). When such opportunity presented itself, Judas seems to have been unready, for Jesus had to nudge him into action. “That secret plan you have hatched with the chief priests, go do that quickly.”

João 13:28

Ora, nenhum dos que estavam à mesa sabia com que propósito Ele lhe dissera isso.

The eleven other disciples had no idea what Jesus was talking about or what Judas had planned. It would have been unthinkable to them that one of their number would betray their Lord and friend. Nor did Jesus treat Judas any differently from the rest of them. They had seen Jesus wash his feet (John 13:5). They knew Jesus trusted Judas with their funds (John 13:29). And they took note when Jesus invited Judas to sit near him in a place of relative honor. (We know this because Jesus was easily able to pass him the bread, see John 13:26.)

João 13:30

Assim, depois de receber o bocado, ele saiu imediatamente; e era noite.

Ele saiu imediatamente. There was much to be done. Judas had to inform the chief priests that an opportunity to arrest Jesus had presented itself; the chief priests had to call out the Roman cohort and the temple officers (John 18:3), and the Sanhedrin had to be summoned for an illegal trial that would take place in the middle of the night at the house of the high priest (Luke 22:54).

João 13:34

“Um novo mandamento vos dou: que vos ameis uns aos outros, assim como eu vos amei, que também vos ameis uns aos outros.

(uma) A new commandment. Jesus is about to give a commandment that is not found in the old law.

(b) Love one another. This command is sometimes referred to as the law of Christ (1 Cor. 9:21, Gal. 6:2), or the new commandment (1 John 2:8, 2 John 1:5).

Jesus was once asked to name the greatest commandment in the law. Jesus replied that the first and greatest commandment is to love the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your mind (Matt. 22:36-38). Note that this is the greatest commandment na lei. Under the law-keeping covenant, the flow was from you to the Lord (Deut. 6:5, 10:12). You loved God because it was a law that came with consequences. But in the new covenant of grace, we love one another with the same love that Christ loved us.

Leitura adicional: “Qual é a lei de Cristo?”

João 13:37

Pedro disse-lhe: “Senhor, por que não posso seguir-te agora? Darei minha vida por Ti.”

Peter was committed to the Lord and ready to die for him as he proved when he single-handedly attacked a mob of 500 armed men (Luke 12:50). But Peter was seriously misguided and Jesus had to rebuke him for his hot-headedness (Luke 12:51).

João 13:38

Jesus respondeu: “Você daria a sua vida por mim? Em verdade, em verdade vos digo: o galo não cantará até que você me negue três vezes.

Em poucas horas, essa profecia se tornou realidade. Pedro negou Jesus três vezes. Foi um fracasso espetacular para Peter, mas um incentivo maravilhoso para todos nós que tropeçamos. Jesus não nos ama e não nos aceita por causa das promessas que fazemos. Ele nos ama simplesmente porque.

A religião criada pelo homem diz que temos que ganhar a aprovação de Deus, mas o evangelho da graça declara: “Deus ama você sem qualquer consideração pelo seu desempenho”. E onde está a prova? Está na cruz e em centenas de outras coisas. Está na aceitação de Pedro por Jesus, que o negou três vezes.

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João 13